Oncoplastic and Reconstructive Approaches in Breast Cancer Surgery: Current Practices and Techniques

Öz

Although advanced-stage and even metastatic breast cancer cases are still encountered today, advances in imaging and diagnostic techniques now allow for earlier detection. In addition, genetic testing enables the identification of high-risk individuals, allowing for risk-reducing prophylactic mastectomy decisions. Preserving breast integrity is of great importance for both the physical and psychological well-being of women. In suitable cases, breast-conserving surgery is preferred to maintain the natural structure of the breast as much as possible. In cases requiring larger resections or total mastectomy, reconstructive options come into play. This review discusses the historical evolution of breast reconstruction, the development of techniques in oncoplastic and reconstructive surgery, potential complications, and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. Modern oncoplastic and reconstructive methods play a vital role in restoring anatomical and aesthetic integrity, thereby significantly improving the quality of life for patients after breast cancer treatment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Breast reconstruction
• mastectomy
• oncoplastic surgery
• breast implant
• autologous tissue reconstruction

Meme kanseri cerrahisinde onkoplastik ve rekonstrüktif yaklaşımlar: güncel pratik ve teknikler

Öz

Günümüzde ileri ever ve hatta metastatik meme kanseri vakaları hâlâ görülmektedir. Ancak gelişmiş görüntüleme ve tanı yöntemleri sayesinde erken tanı konulabilmekte, genetik testler sayesinde riskli hastalara profilaktik mastektomi kararı alınarak risk azaltılabilmektedir. Kadınların hem fiziksel hem ruhsal sağlığı açısından meme bütünlüğünün korunması büyük önem taşır. Uygun hastalarda meme koruyucu cerrahi tercih edilip memenin orijinal yapısı büyük ölçüde korunurken, daha büyük rezerksiyonlar veya memenin tamamının alınması gerektiği durumlarda rekonstrüktif seçenekler devreye girer. Bu derlemede meme rekonstrüksiyonunun tarihsel süreci, onkoplastik ve rekonstrüktif cerrahideki tekniklerin evrimiyle beraber karşılaşılabilecek komplikasyonlar ve multidisipliner yaklaşımın önemi tartışılmıştır. Modern onkoplastik ve rekonstrüktif yaklaşımlar, meme kanseri sonrası hastaların anatomik ve estetik bütünlüğünü sağlayarak yaşam kalitelerinin arttırılmasında önemli bir rol oynar.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• meme rekonstrüksiyonu
• mastektomi
• onkoplastik cerrahi
• meme implantı
• otolog doku ile onarım

Kaynakça

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