SCHROTH METODU: ADOLESAN İDİOPATİK SKOLYOZDA KANITA DAYALI UYGULAMALAR

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 4 - Haziran 2022, 10 - 17, 15.06.2022

Ayşenur Temizel Aybüke Ersin

https://doi.org/10.54270/atljm.2022.17

Öz

Skolyoz, omurganın sagital ve frontal düzlemlerindeki farklılaşma ve omurganın 10 dereceden fazla eğilmesiyle kendini gösteren üç boyutlu bir anomalidir. Skolyoz, vertebraya ait yapısal problemler, nöromusküler problemler, ekstremite boy farkı gibi sebeplerle de meydana gelebilir fakat skolyozun büyük çoğunluğu (>%80) idiopatiktir. Bireyin idiyopatik skolyoz tanısı alması için ilk olarak skolyoza neden olabilen diğer muhtemel sebeplerin ekarte edilmesi gerekir. Skolyozun tedavi seçeneklerinde sıklıkla kullanılan yöntemlerden biri egzersizdir. Skolyoz Ortopedi ve Rehabilitasyon Tedavisi Derneğince skolyoza özgü egzersiz çeşitleri “Skolyoza Özel Fizyoterapi Egzersizleri” adı altında tanımlanır. Katharina Schroth tarafından geliştirilen Schroth metodu, 1921 yılından itibaren en yaygın şekilde uygulanan egzersiz tekniğidir. Bu
egzersizlere 3 boyutlu denilmesinin sebebi tedavinin sagital, frontal ve horizontal düzlemlerde yapılan egzersizleri aynı anda içeriyor olmasıdır. Schroth egzersiz programı; özel solunum yöntemleri ile proprioseptif uyarıları ve sagital planda görsel geribildirim denetimini kullanarak gerçekleştirilen postür düzeltmelerinden oluşmaktadır. Literatürde, Schroth yönteminin idiopatik skolyozda Cobb açısında azalma ve hayat kalitesini iyileştirmede seviye II düzeyinde bilimsel kanıtları mevcuttur. Bu derleme makalede Schroth metodunun idiyopatik skolyozlu hastalar üzerindeki etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi, hastalar üzerinde
çeşitli parametrelerdeki değişiklikler incelenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İdiopatik Skolyoz, Schroth, Fizyoterapi, Skolyoz, Egzersiz

Kaynakça

• 1. Altaf F, Gibson A, Dannawi Z, Noordeen H. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. BMJ. 2013;346:f2508
• Lonstein JE. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Lancet. 1994;344(8934):1407-12.
• Reamy BV, Slakey JB. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: review and current concepts. American family physician. 2001;64(1):111-6.
• Riseborough EJ, Wynne-Davies R. A genetic survey of idiopathic scoliosis in Boston, Massachusetts.JBoneJointSurgAm.1973;55(5):974-82.
• Bunnel WP. Selective screening for scoliosis. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2005;(434):40-5.
• Malfair D, Flemming AK, Dvorak MF, et al. Radiographic evaluation of scoliosis: review. American Journal of Roentgenology, 2010;194(3 Suppl):S8-22.
• Brian R, Joseph S. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: review and current concepts. American family physician. 2001;64(1):111-6. (3 yap)
• Roach JW. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Nonsurgical treatment. In: Weinstein SL, editor. The pediatric spine: Principles and practice. New York: Raven Press;1997. p. 497–510.
• Negrini S, Aulisa AG, Aulisa L, et al. 2011 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth. Scoliosis. 2012;7(1):3.
• Weinstein SL, Dolan LA, Cheng JCY, Danielsson A, Morcuende JA. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The Lancet 2008;371(9623):1527-37.
• Goldberg MS, Mayo NE, Poitras B, Scott S, Hanley J. The Ste-Justine Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Cohort Study. Part II: Perception of health, self and body image, and participation in physical activities. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1994;19(14):1562-72.
• Zaina F, Negrini S, Atanasio S, Fusco C, Romano M, Negrini A. Specific exercises performed in the period of brace weaning can avoid loss of correction in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) patients: Winner of SOSORT’s 2008 Award for Best Clinical Paper. Scoliosis, 2009;4:8.
• Schroth, CL. (2013). Skolyozun Üç Boyutlu TedavisiOmurga Deformitelerinde Bir Fizik Tedavi Metodu, (Çev. A. Gülseren Kayalar).Ankara: Pelikan Yayıncılık.
• Berdishevsky H, Lebel VA, Bettany-Saltikov J, et al.Physiotherapy scoliosis-specificexercises–a comprehensive review of seven major schools. Scoliosis and spinal disorders. 2016;11(1):20.
• Bagheri A, Liu XC, Tassone C, et al. 13th International Conference on Conservative Management of Spinal Deformities and First Joint Meeting of the International Research Society on Spinal Deformities and the Society on Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment–SOSORT-IRSSD 2016 meeting. Scoliosis and spinal disorders. 2017;12(1):17.
• Lenhert-Schroth, C. The Schroth scoliosis three dimensional treatment. Norderstedt: Books on Demand GmbH;2007.
• Weiss HR, Hollaender M, Klein R. ADL based scoliosis rehabilitation--the key to an improvement of time-efficiency- Stud Health Technol Inform 2006;123:594-8.
• Schreiber S, Parent EC, Moez EK, et al. Schroth Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis-Specific Exercises Added to the Standard of Care Lead to Better Cobb Angle Outcomes in Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis – an Assessor and Statistician Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS One 2016;11(12):e0168746.
• Kuru T, Yeldan İ, Dereli EE, Özdinçler AR, Dikici F , Çolak İ. The efficacy of three-dimensional Schroth exercises in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A randomised controlled clinical trial. Clin Rehabil. 2016;30(2):181-90.
• Kocaman H, Bek N, Kaya MH, Büyükturan B, Yetiş M, Büyükturan Ö. The effectiveness of two different exercise approaches in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A single-blind, randomized-controlled trial. PLoS One 2021;16(4): e0249492.
• Kim G, HwangBo P. Effects of Schroth and Pilates exercises on the Cobb angle and weight distribution of patients with scoliosis. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016;28(3):1012-5.
• Gao A, Li J, Shao R, et al. Schroth exercises improve health-related quality of life and radiographic parameters in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. Chin Med J (Engl). 2021;134(21):2589-2596.
• Abdelaal AAM, Kafy EMAESAE, Elayat MSEM, Sabbahi M, Badghish MSS. Changes in pulmonary function and functional capacity in adolescents with mild idiopathic scoliosis: observational cohort study. J Int Med Res. 2018;46 (1):381-391.
• Moramarco M, Fadzan M, Moramarco K, Heller A, Righter S. The Influence of Short-Term Scoliosis-Specific Exercise Rehabilitation on Pulmonary Function in Patients with AIS. Curr Pediatr Rev. 2016;12 (1): 17-23.
• Rigo M, Quera-Salvá G, Villagrasa M, et al. Scoliosis intensive out-patient rehabilitation based on Schroth method. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2008;135:208-27.
• Kim K, HwangBo P. Effects of the Schroth exercise on the Cobb’s angle and vital capacity of patients with idiopathic scoliosis that is an operative indication. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016;28(3):923-6.
• Mohamed RA, Yousef AM. Impact of Schroth three-dimensional vs. proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a randomized controlled study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021;25(24):7717-7725.
• Weiss H, Moramarco K , Moramarco M. Scoliosis bracing and exercise for pain management in adults-a case report. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016;28(8):2404-7.
• Park J, Jeon H, Park H. Effects of the Schroth exercise on idiopathic scoliosis: a meta-analysis. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2018;54(3):440-449.
• Park JY, Kim SH, Lee JC, Ju SB. Effect of Schroth Rehabilitation Exercise Program on Scoliometer Readings, Lumbar Lordosis and Calcaneal Valgus Angle in Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis. Iran J Public Health. 2020;49 (4):808-809.