Kanser Tedavisinde Biyo-Isı Transferi: Monte Carlo Simülasyonu Kullanılarak Hipertermi Destekli Radyoterapi İçin Matematiksel Bir Çerçeve

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 96 - 109, 25.12.2025

Tuka Fattal , Birnur Bozdoğan , Recep Yumrutaş

Öz

Bu çalışma, kanser hücrelerine yönelik radyasyon tedavisi (radyoterapi) sırasında hipertermi yoluyla gerçekleşen biyoısı transferini özel olarak incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu inceleme, tedavi sonuçlarını optimize etmek, kanser hücrelerini yok etmek ve sağlıklı dokular üzerindeki yan etkileri (toksisiteyi) önlemek açısından önem taşımaktadır. Tedavi sırasında gerçekleşen ısı transferi sürecinin anlaşılması, hekimlerin tedavi etkilerini maksimize etmesine, uygulanan dozlara bağlı tepkileri öngörmesine ve yan etkileri en aza indirmesine yardımcı olabilir. X-ışını kullanan radyoterapi ile hiperterminin kombinasyonu, kanser hücrelerinin tedavisinde kullanılan yöntemler arasında özel olarak araştırılmıştır. Bu araştırma, her iki yöntemin avantajlarını bir araya getirmeyi ve bunlarla ilişkili istenmeyen yan etkileri azaltmayı hedeflemektedir. İki hipertermi darbesi arasındaki dinlenme süresi boyunca, biyolojik sistem uygulanan yüksek sıcaklıklara (43°C, 45°C, 47°C) karşı tepki vermeye çalışırken, radyoterapi dozu uygulanmaktadır. Ana fikir şudur: Kanser hücrelerinin ısıtılması, onları radyasyon tedavisine karşı daha hassas hale getirir; bu da tedavi süresini kısaltabilir, yan etkileri azaltabilir ve hayatta kalma oranlarını artırabilir. Yapılan literatür taramasına göre, kanser hücrelerinin artışı daha fazla doku hasarına yol açmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, Arrhenius modeli kullanılarak sıcaklık ve ısıya maruz kalma süresinin artmasının, kanser hücrelerine verilen hasarı artırdığı gösterilmiştir. Bu model, sıcaklık ve maruziyet süresi parametrelerini, geri dönüşü olmayan doku hasarını yansıtan tek bir parametreye (Ω) dönüştürmektedir. Son olarak, Pennes’in biyoısı denklemini çözmek için Monte Carlo Simülasyonu kullanılarak radyoterapi tedavisine yönelik genel bir biyoısı transferi matematiksel çerçevesi sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

: Isı transferi , Pennes’in biyoısı denklemi , kanser tedavisi , radyoterapi , X-ışını hipertermisi , Monte Carlo simülasyonu.

Bio-Heat Transfer in Cancer Treatment: A Mathematical Framework for Hyperthermia-Assisted Radiotherapy Using Monte Carlo Simulation

Öz

This study explores bio-heat transfer during radiotherapy combined with hyperthermia, with the goal of improving cancer treatment by maximizing tumor destruction while minimizing harm to surrounding healthy tissue. Understanding thermal dynamics during therapy allows clinicians to enhance treatment effectiveness, anticipate biological responses based on dose parameters, and reduce side effects. In this work, we focus on the synergistic use of hyperthermia and X-ray radiotherapy. During short recovery periods between hyperthermia pulses—when tissue responds to elevated temperatures (43 °C, 45 °C, 47 °C)—radiation is delivered. The central hypothesis is that heating tumor tissue increases its radiosensitivity, potentially shortening treatment time and improving outcomes. Evidence from current literature supports this synergy, showing that higher temperatures amplify cellular damage. To quantify this effect, we applied the Arrhenius damage model, which converts temperature and exposure duration into a single thermal damage parameter (Ω) representing irreversible tissue injury. Finally, we developed a mathematical framework to simulate this process, using Monte Carlo photon transport to generate spatial heat sources and solving Pennes’ bio-heat equation to model heat transfer across layered biological tissue.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Heat transfer , Pennes’ bioheat equation , cancer treatment , radiotherapy , X-ray hyperthermia , Monti Carlo simulation.

Etik Beyan

As the author of this paper, I declare that I conducted this research, and no ethical issues or review committee were required.

Destekleyen Kurum

Gaziantep University

Teşekkür

Thanks to my supervisor, Prof. Dr. Recep YUMURTAS

Kaynakça

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