Overview of 3D Technology Applications in Plants: Phenomic, Mapping with Robotic Systems, Architectural Designs, Plant and Animal Tissue Culture Approaches

Öz

The fact that two-dimensional studies are insufficient about complex plant forms and allowing emerging technologies to give more detailed data leads researchers to search for new alternatives. The developments in plant biotechnology have changed rapidly over the past two decades, depending on the technological progresses such as microscopy, structural and functional plant modelling, phenotyping and genomic studies. Especially the studies which is called “phenomic” and plant researches working with phenotyping, are the popular research areas which interest to the researchers on recent years. Nowadays scientific researches and production techniques in agriculture, have been carried out more stability as digitally and visually. Fast improvements on robotic and sensor technologies come together with agricultural research have been opened up new horizons on agricultural biotechnology, for the plant architecture and even for plant tissues which is an excellent model for many researchers. Along with the phenotyping research on agricultural research, three-dimentional biotechnology is used on detection with robotic sensors and mapping. Also through computer algorithms which gave 3D structure of plant architectural designs, different products and artworks can be produced.

The usage of 3D printing technologies to identify the plant tissues structure and function and for improvement of new culture systems to use at plant tissue culture techniques has been an important approach nowadays. Recently, potential of plant forms to be use in scaffold production have been studied because of the micro similarity of plant tissues with animal tissues in animal tissue engineering. Microfluidic systems, mostly used in animal cell culture techniques, are also intensively studied in research related to plant cells. The data obtained by all these techniques are used in many fields ranging from pest control on agriculture to the design of artificial organs on medicine, from the programming of computer games to forestry. In this article, we had tried to summarize studies about 3D technology on plant systems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Plant tissue culture,3D technology,animal tissue engineering,scaffold,microfluidic

Bitkilerde 3D Teknolojisi Uygulamalarına Genel Bakış: Fenomik, Robotik Sistemler ile Haritalandırma, Mimari Tasarımlar, Bitki ve Hayvan Doku Kültürü Yaklaşımları

Öz

İki boyutlu çalışmaların karmaşık bitkisel formlar hakkında yetersiz kalması ve gelişen teknolojilerin daha ayrıntılı veriler toplanmasına izin vermesi, araştırmacıları yeni alternatifler arama yoluna itmiştir. Bitki biyoteknolojisi ile ilgili gelişmeler, son yirmi yılda mikroskobi, yapısal ve fonksiyonel bitki modellemeleri, fenotiplendirme ve genomik çalışmaları gibi teknolojilerdeki ilerlemelere bağlı olarak hızlı bir şekilde değişim göstermiştir. Özellikle “fenomik” adı verilen ve fenotiplendirme ile bitkilerin incelendiği çalışmalar, araştırıcıların ilgisini çeken son yılların popüler konularından biri durumundadır. Günümüzde tarımsal alanda gerçekleştirilen bilimsel araştırmalar ve üretim teknikleri, dijital ve görsel olarak daha yüksek kararlılıkta gerçekleştirilir hale gelmiştir. Robot ve sensör sistemlerindeki hızlı gelişmeler; tarımsal araştırmalarla bir araya gelerek tarımsal biyoteknolojide yeni ufuklar açmış, birçok araştırmacı için mükemmel bir model olan bitki mimarisinin ve hatta bitkisel dokuların da belirlenmesi sağlanmıştır. Üç boyutlu biyoteknoloji, tarımsal araştırmalarda fenotiplendirme çalışmalarının yanı sıra, robotik sistemlerle algılama ve haritalandırma alanlarında da sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca bitkilerin 3D yapılarını veren bilgisayar algoritmaları aracılığıyla mimari tasarımlar yapılabildiği gibi, çeşitli ürün ve sanat eserleri de üretilmektedir.

Bitkisel dokuların yapı ve fonksiyonlarının belirlenmesi ve bitki doku kültürü tekniklerinde yeni kültür sistemlerinin geliştirilmesi için 3D baskılama teknolojisinden yararlanılması önemli bir yaklaşım haline gelmeye başlamıştır. Son zamanlarda, hayvan doku mühendisliğindeki mikro benzerliklerden dolayı, bitki formlarının ve bitkilerden elde edilen çeşitli ürünlerin doku iskelesi üretiminde kullanım potansiyelleri araştırılmaktadır. Çoğunlukla hayvan hücre kültürü tekniklerinde kullanılan mikroakışkan sistemler, bitkisel hücrelerle ilişkili araştırmalarda da yoğun şekilde ele alınmaktadır. Bahsedilen tüm bu teknikler ile elde edilen veriler, tarımda zararlılarla mücadeleden, tıpta yapay organların tasarlanmasına, bilgisayar oyunlarının programlanmasından ormancılığa kadar pek çok alanda kullanılmaktadır. Bu makalede, bitkisel sistemlerde 3D teknolojisi ile gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar özetlenmeye çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bitki doku kültürü,3D teknolojisi,hayvan doku mühendisliği,doku iskelesi,mikroakışkan

Kaynakça

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