Anadolu’nun Paleoantroposen’i ya da Antroposen’i: Anadolu’da İnsan Etkisinin Erken İzleri

Öz

Jeolojik bir çağ olup olmadığı ve ne zaman başladığı hala tartışma konusu olan Antroposen dönemini açığa çıkarmak için göl sedimanları dünyanın her yerinde iyi bir doğal arşivdir. Anadolu, geçmiş insan etkisini ve bunun artan yoğunluğunu doğal arşivlerde izlemek için dünyadaki en önemli yerlerden biridir. Bu amaçla, bu çalışmada, daha önce yayınlanmış, Geç Buzul dönemi ve Holosen boyunca göl sedimanı arşivi kayıtlarından bölgesel olarak Anadolu’da Paleoantroposen ve Antroposen ayrımının yapılıp yapılamayacağı tartışılacaktır. Dünyadaki ilk yerleşim yerlerine ev sahipliği yapan Güneydoğu Anadolu ve İç Anadolu bölgelerinde arazi kullanımı ve ötrofikasyona dair en eski antropojenik etkiler orta ve erken Holosen’e kadar tarihlenebilmekte; buna karşın başlangıcı çoğunlukla 20. yy’ın ortaları olarak kabul edilen Antroposen’in paleolimnolojik izleri ise neredeyse görülmemektedir. Farklı bir yaklaşım olarak, ötrofikasyon ve kuraklık Anadolu özelinde, Antroposen’i izlemek için kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antroposen
• Paleoantroposen
• Paleolimnoloji
• Paleoekoloji
• Anadolu

Paleoanthropocene or Anthropocene of Anatolia: Early traces of human impacts in Anatolia

Öz

Lake sediments are a good natural archive globally to reveal the Anthropocene period, still a matter of debate whether it is a geological epoch and when it began. Anatolia is one of the most important places in the world to trace past human impacts and their increasing intensity in the natural archives. For this purpose, in this study, it will be discussed whether a distinction can be made between the Paleoanthropocene and the Anthropocene in Anatolia regionally from the previously published lake sediment archives during Late Glacial and the Holocene. The oldest anthropogenic effects of land use and eutrophication in the South-eastern and Central Anatolia regions, which hosted the first settlements in the world, can be dated back to the mid and early Holocene; however, paleolimnological traces of the Anthropocene, whose beginning is generally accepted as the mid-20th century are almost invisible. As a different approach, eutrophication and drought can be used to track the Anthropocene, specifically in Anatolia.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anthropocene
• Paleoanthropocene
• Paleolimnology
• Paleoecology
• Anatolia

Kaynakça

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