Models of Rural Tourism Development in Mountain Villages

Öz

The approach to derive models of tourism development in three studied villages in a border mountainous region of Bulgaria adheres to some known literature models - the tourism system of tourist destinations (Marinov, 2003) and other models of tourism development - Vodenska (2004), Gunn (1998) and others. It is based on a comparison against a set of 25 characteristics for which it is assumed they may show differences. The leading factors that determine the specificity of development are the basis for the distribution of characteristics selected for analysis in the following groups: status of the village and population characteristics, tourism supply, tourism demand, local environment, management and marketing of tourism. Despite the similar stage of tourism development in the three villages they demonstrate differences that point to the existence of three different models relative to tourism development in terms of current business practices:1) Visiting the locals – combination of elitist commercial tourism (in the houses of locals) with commercialized, institutionalized and professionalized tourism; 2) Typical hotel - commercialized tourism in collective accommodation establishments, tourists’ contact with local people is minimized; 3) First stage of diffused hotel - non-institutional (non-commercialized) tourism, detached houses for accommodation of different ownership, with a common reception and servicing.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• tourism development models, tourism development life cycle, tourism business practices.

Dağ Köylerinde Kırsal Turizm Gelişim Modelleri

Öz

Yaklaşımımız bazı bilinen modellere bağlı kalarak - turist destinasyonlarının turizm sistemi (Marinov, 2003) ve turizm gelişiminde diğer modeller - Vodenska (2004), Gunn (1998) ve diğerleri - Bulgaristan’ın dağlık bir bölgesinin sınırındaki üç köyde turizm gelişim modelleri üretmek şeklinde olmuştur. Farklılıkları yansıtacağı düşünülen 25 özelliğin karşılaştırılması temel alınmıştır. Kalkınmayı yansıtan başlıca faktörler, analiz için seçilen başlıkların özellikleri temel alınarak saptanmıştır. Bunlar, köylerin statüsü ve nüfus özellikleri, turizm teşviği, turizm gereksinimi, yerel çevre, turizm pazarlaması ve yönetimidir. Turizm gelişimi bakımından üç köy aynı aşamada olmasına rağmen günümüz iş uygulamaları bakımından üç farklı modele göre değişiklikler göstermektedirler. Bunlar: 1) Yerel halkı ziyaret - profesyonelleşmiş, kurumsallaşmış ve ticarileşmiş elitist turizm kombinasyonu (yerel halkın evlerinde); 2) Tipik otel - toplu konaklama tesislerinde ticarileşmiş turizm, turistlerin yerel halkla ilişkisi en düşük seviyededir; 3) Yaygın otelleşmenin ilk evresi - kurumsal olmayan (ticarileşmemiş) turizm, ortak resepsiyon ve hizmetleri olan farklı kişlerin sahibi olduğu konaklamaya ayrılmış evlerdir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• turizm gelişim modelleri, turizm gelişiminin yaşam döngüsü, turizm iş uygulamaları.

Kaynakça

1. Buhalis, D. Marketing the Competitive Destination of the Future. – Tourism Management Special Issue, 2000, pp. 1-27.
2. Butler, R. The Concept of a Tourist Area Cycle of Evolution: Implications for Management of Resources. – Canadian Geographer, 24, 1980.
3. Dogramadjieva, E. Field Research of Tourism Supply and Demand in Mountain Villages: the Case of Three Architectural
4. Reserves in the Western Rhodopes, Bulgaria. Abstracts, SEEmore Conference 2012: Mountain Resources and Their
5. Response to Global Change, 5-8 July 2012, Ankara University, Turkey.
6. Gunn, C. A. Tourism Planning. New York, 1988.
7. Marinov, V. Key Informants’ Analysis of Small Scale Tourism Development in Mountain Villages. Abstracts, SEEmore
8. Conference 2012: Mountain Resources and Their Response to Global Change, 5-8 July 2012, Ankara University, Turkey.

9. Marinov. V. SWOT-analysis in Regional and Tourism Planning: Requirements, Problems and Solutions. - In: Proceedings of
10. the First Scientific Conference "Theory and Methodology of Geographical Research". Sozopol, 2003 (In Bulg.).
11. Vodenska, M. Territorial Tourism System Model as the Main Object of Study in Geography of Tourism and Place of Tourism Impacts in it. Geography - Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow. University Publishing House "St. Kl. Ohridski", 2004 (In Bulg.).