TR
EN
Perception of The Possible Post-Coal Period in Coal-Dependent Cities: Zonguldak Example in Turkey
Öz
Due to the threats caused by fossil fuel consumption, developed European countries are searching for ways to coal phase-out. Although there are examples of strategic plans on the issue, it is necessary to carry out academic studies as well as efforts to increase social awareness. This research is a study conducted to describe and discuss how the relevant public opinion can be affected and prepared for an era without coal in Turkey where energy production is approximately 35% dependent on coal today.
The province of Zonguldak, which is economically and culturally dependent on coal mining in Turkey, has been chosen as an example. The research was conducted between January and August 2020. Adopting the sociological phenomenology research methods and techniques, 21 people from the non-governmental organizations of the city and official institutions were interviewed. The meanings, culture, and identity structures that coal and related sectors formed have been analyzed through the interviews.
Cities are seen as places where experiences turn into meanings and meanings into memory. In this context, discussing mining in Zonguldak is understood as questioning the meaning and memory of the city by Zonguldak residents. The people of Zonguldak still desire to protect the facilities based on the collective production logic and maintain their solidarity habits, despite the neoliberal policies that have been effective significantly after 1990. City residents long for the 20th-century development model based on the concept of the social welfare state. Another consequence of the adoption of this model is the continuing expectation that all initiatives about the future of Zonguldak are planned and implemented by the state. People of Zonguldak consider other economic areas (agriculture, trade, industry, etc.) as alternatives; however, they demand the continuity of a self-sufficient economy approach which coal mining located at the center.
As a result, it is seen that the people of Zonguldak have a meaningful relationship with coal mining. The residents of Zonguldak, without experiencing sustainable employment and development projects which alternative to coal, are skeptical about the future of the city. Despite the environmental damage caused by both mining and coal-based energy production in the city, studies aiming to raise awareness on these issues will be inconclusive. The projects that will be carried out by international organizations or national central government will create new cultural institutionalizations and a meaning system in the city, creating more comprehensive and direct new employment opportunities. Otherwise, activities that raise awareness about the damage caused by fossil fuels will not be supported by the public in coal-dependent cities and the funds spent would be wasted.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Teşekkür
Thanks to the EBC movement (European Beyond Coal) for their support of the research.
Kaynakça
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- Engin, F. (2004). Zonguldak'ta Sanayileşme ve Sosyal Değişim (1923-2000) - Doktora Tezi. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- Giddens, A. (2009). The Politics of Climate Change. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Güven, T. (2014). Zonguldak Kozlu'da Kömür Madenciliği İşletmecilik ve Çalışma Hayatı (1848-1921) Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Zonguldak: Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- Kocaman, T. (2008). Türkiye'de İç Göçler ve Göç Edenlerin Nitelikleri (1965-2000). Ankara: Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı.
- Makina Mühendisleri Odası. (2017). Türkiye'de Termik Santraller 2017. Ankara: TMMOB Makina Mühendisleri Odası. TKİ. (2019). Faaliyet Raporu 2018. Ankara: Türkiye Kömür İşletmeleri Kurumu.
- TMMOB. (1992). Türkiye Taşkömürü Madenciliğinde İşçi Sağlığı ve İş Güvenliğine İlişkin Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri. Zonguldak: TMMOB Zonguldak Şubesi.
- TTK. (2019). 2018 Yılı Taşkömürü Sektör Raporu. Ankara: Türkiye Taşkömürü Kurumu Genel Müdürlüğü. Vergil, H., Yıldırım, H., Sezer, Ö., Şükrüoğlu, D., Teyyare, E., Bayramoğlu, F. M., . . . Bahtiyar, B. (2014). Zonguldak İlinde Göçün Sosyo-ekonomik Nedenleri ve Alınabilecek Tedbirler. Zonguldak: Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi.
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
-
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yayımlanma Tarihi
31 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi
16 Temmuz 2021
Kabul Tarihi
10 Kasım 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2021 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2
APA
Üstün, A., & Cizreli, B. (2021). Perception of The Possible Post-Coal Period in Coal-Dependent Cities: Zonguldak Example in Turkey. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi, 8(2), 46-57. https://izlik.org/JA67PE75YG
AMA
1.Üstün A, Cizreli B. Perception of The Possible Post-Coal Period in Coal-Dependent Cities: Zonguldak Example in Turkey. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi. 2021;8(2):46-57. https://izlik.org/JA67PE75YG
Chicago
Üstün, Alkan, ve Bahattin Cizreli. 2021. “Perception of The Possible Post-Coal Period in Coal-Dependent Cities: Zonguldak Example in Turkey”. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi 8 (2): 46-57. https://izlik.org/JA67PE75YG.
EndNote
Üstün A, Cizreli B (01 Aralık 2021) Perception of The Possible Post-Coal Period in Coal-Dependent Cities: Zonguldak Example in Turkey. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi 8 2 46–57.
IEEE
[1]A. Üstün ve B. Cizreli, “Perception of The Possible Post-Coal Period in Coal-Dependent Cities: Zonguldak Example in Turkey”, Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi, c. 8, sy 2, ss. 46–57, Ara. 2021, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA67PE75YG
ISNAD
Üstün, Alkan - Cizreli, Bahattin. “Perception of The Possible Post-Coal Period in Coal-Dependent Cities: Zonguldak Example in Turkey”. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi 8/2 (01 Aralık 2021): 46-57. https://izlik.org/JA67PE75YG.
JAMA
1.Üstün A, Cizreli B. Perception of The Possible Post-Coal Period in Coal-Dependent Cities: Zonguldak Example in Turkey. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi. 2021;8:46–57.
MLA
Üstün, Alkan, ve Bahattin Cizreli. “Perception of The Possible Post-Coal Period in Coal-Dependent Cities: Zonguldak Example in Turkey”. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi, c. 8, sy 2, Aralık 2021, ss. 46-57, https://izlik.org/JA67PE75YG.
Vancouver
1.Alkan Üstün, Bahattin Cizreli. Perception of The Possible Post-Coal Period in Coal-Dependent Cities: Zonguldak Example in Turkey. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi [Internet]. 01 Aralık 2021;8(2):46-57. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA67PE75YG