BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Review of Protected Areas System in Pakistan: Present Status and Problems Concerning Future Development :

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 1 - 16, 01.10.2009
https://doi.org/10.1501/Csaum_0000000010

Öz

The concept of Protected Area has a long history and in recent years it has developed on large scale throughout the world. Pakistan has also given serious attention to conservation of biodiversity and cultural assets in sustainable manner. For this purpose, Pakistan has made stern efforts to establish legislation, policies and institutions for environmental protection. However, implementation of these legislations and policies as a whole is not achievable due a number of factors. The gaps and needs associated to conservation of Protected Areas in Pakistan can be dealt effectively through coordination of different segments of society for effectual management strategies. This paper has reviewed the establishment, current status and management of protected areas in Pakistan. The paper manages to describe the problems of these areas on one hand and try to suggest the solutions on the other hand

Kaynakça

  • ALIC.1981. Draft environmental Profile the Islamic republic of Pakistan US Agency for International Development/ US National Park Service/ Man and Biosphere Secretariat, Arid Land Information Center, Office of arid Land Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
  • Chape, S., Blyth, S., Fish, L., Fox P., and M. Spalding (compilers). 2003. United Nations List of Protected Areas, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK and UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK.
  • Cox, C.B. and Moore, P.D. 1993. Biogeography: An Evolutionary Approach. London: Blackwell Scientific.
  • Eagles, Paul F.J., McCool, Stephen F. and Haynes, C.D.A. 2002. Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas: Guidelines for Planning and Management, IUCN Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
  • Ferguson, D.A. 1978. Protection, Conservation and Management of threatened and endangered species in Pakistan, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington D.C, Unpublished Report.
  • Grimwood, I.R. 1969. Wildlife Conservation in Pakistan, Pakistan National Forestry Research and Training Project Report No. 17, UNDP/FAO, Rome.
  • Grimwood, I.R. 1971. Wildlife Conservation and Management, Report No. TA 3077, FAO, Rome.
  • Government of Pakistan. 1971. Summary of wildlife Enquiry Committee Report, Printing Corporation of Pakistan Press, Islamabad.
  • Government of Pakistan and IUCN. 1987. Towards a national Conservation Strategy for Pakistan, Proceedings of the Pakistan Workshop 1986, Asian Art Press, Lahore.
  • Government of Pakistan and IUCN. 1992. The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy. Pakistan: Government of Pakistan, Urban Affairs Division and IUCN Pakistan.
  • Government of Pakistan. 1992. Forestry Sector Master Plan, Ministry of Environment, Environment Division, Government of Pakistan.
  • Government of Pakistan. 1996. Economic Survey 1995-96 and Statistical Supplement. Islamabad: Government of Pakistan, Finance Division, Economic Adviser’s Wing.
  • Government of NWFP and IUCN. 1996. Sarhad Provincial Conservation Strategy, Peshawar.
  • Government of Pakistan, WWF and IUCN. 2000. Biodiversity Action Plan for Pakistan: A Framework for conserving our Natural wealth Imprint (Pvt) Ltd., Rawalpindi Cantt., Pakistan.
  • Government of Pakistan. 2005. National Environment Policy of Pakistan, Ministry of Environment, Islamabad.
  • Government of Pakistan. 2009. National Parks of Pakistan, Ministry of Tourism, Islamabad. http://www.tourism.gov.pk/ Date cited: 10-09-2009.
  • IUCN. 1990. IUCN Directory of South Asian Protected Areas, Cambridge, UK: World Conservation Monitoring Centre.
  • IUCN. 1994. Guidelines for Protected Area Management Categories. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN, CNPPA with the assistance of WCMC.
  • JRC.(not dated). Towards Sustainable Development: The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy, Journalists’ Resource Center, IUCN Pakistan, Karachi.
  • Khan, Mirza Hakim. 1997. Conservation of Biodiversity and Endangered Ecosystem In Pakistan, XI world forestry congress Antalya, Turkey, 13 to 22 October 1997, volume 2, topic 7.
  • Khan, Zafar Iqbal. 2003. Protected Areas in Pakistan: Management and Issues, J.Natn. Science Foundation Sri Lanka, 31(1&2) 239-248
  • Mackinnon, J. and MacKinnon, K. 1986. Review of protected areas System in Indo Malayan realm, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K.
  • Mumtaz, K. 1989. Pakistan’s Environment: A Historical Perspective in Shirkat Gah Women’s Resource center, Pakistan’s environment: a historical perspective and selected bibliography with annotations Journalists’ Resource Center, IUCN Pakistan, Karachi.
  • National Council for Conservation of Wildlife. 1978. Wildlife Conservation Strategy: Pakistan. Report, National Council for Conservation of Wildlife, Islamabad.
  • Rao, A.L. 1984. A review of Wildlife Legislation in Pakistan, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.
  • Roberts, T.J. (1991/1992) The Birds of Pakistan, Oxford University Press, Karachi.
  • Thomas, Lee and Middleton, Julie. 2003. Guidelines for Management Planning of Protected Areas. IUCN Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
  • Udvardy, M. D. V. 1975. A classification of the biogeographical provinces of the world, IUCN Occasional Paper 18. Morges.
  • World Resource Institute, Earth Trends Country Profile, www. earthtrends.wri.org, Date Cited: 30-09- 2009.
  • WWF Pakistan. 1993. Ecological and Resource Survey for Forest Conservation in Pakistan, Lahore: WWF Pakistan.

Pakistan’daki Korunan Alanlar Sisteminin Değerlendirilmesi: Mevcut Durum ve Gelecekteki Gelişm

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 1 - 16, 01.10.2009
https://doi.org/10.1501/Csaum_0000000010

Öz

Korunan alan kavramı uzun bir tarihe sahiptir ve bu fikir son yıllarda büyük gelişmeler göstermektedir. Pakistan da biyolojik ve kültürel çeşitliliğin sürdürülebilir bir şekilde korunmasına önem vermektedir. Bu amaçla Pakistan bu konuda çevre ile ilgili mevzuat, politikaları ve kurumları kurmak için büyük çabalar sarf etmektedir. Ancak, birçok farklı nedenle bu mevzuat ve politikalar bir bütün olarak uygulanamamaktadır. Pakistan’da korunan alanların doğru yönetimi ve sürdürülebilirliği için etkili yönetim stratejileri ile toplumun farklı kesimlerinin bir koordinasyon içerisinde çalışması gerekmektedir. Bu makale Pakistan’daki korunan alanların kurulması, mevcut durum ve yönetimini gözden geçirmektedir. Ayrıca, makale bir yandan bu alanların problemlerinin tanımlaması ve diğer yandan çözüm önerdiklerini sunmaktadır

Kaynakça

  • ALIC.1981. Draft environmental Profile the Islamic republic of Pakistan US Agency for International Development/ US National Park Service/ Man and Biosphere Secretariat, Arid Land Information Center, Office of arid Land Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
  • Chape, S., Blyth, S., Fish, L., Fox P., and M. Spalding (compilers). 2003. United Nations List of Protected Areas, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK and UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK.
  • Cox, C.B. and Moore, P.D. 1993. Biogeography: An Evolutionary Approach. London: Blackwell Scientific.
  • Eagles, Paul F.J., McCool, Stephen F. and Haynes, C.D.A. 2002. Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas: Guidelines for Planning and Management, IUCN Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
  • Ferguson, D.A. 1978. Protection, Conservation and Management of threatened and endangered species in Pakistan, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington D.C, Unpublished Report.
  • Grimwood, I.R. 1969. Wildlife Conservation in Pakistan, Pakistan National Forestry Research and Training Project Report No. 17, UNDP/FAO, Rome.
  • Grimwood, I.R. 1971. Wildlife Conservation and Management, Report No. TA 3077, FAO, Rome.
  • Government of Pakistan. 1971. Summary of wildlife Enquiry Committee Report, Printing Corporation of Pakistan Press, Islamabad.
  • Government of Pakistan and IUCN. 1987. Towards a national Conservation Strategy for Pakistan, Proceedings of the Pakistan Workshop 1986, Asian Art Press, Lahore.
  • Government of Pakistan and IUCN. 1992. The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy. Pakistan: Government of Pakistan, Urban Affairs Division and IUCN Pakistan.
  • Government of Pakistan. 1992. Forestry Sector Master Plan, Ministry of Environment, Environment Division, Government of Pakistan.
  • Government of Pakistan. 1996. Economic Survey 1995-96 and Statistical Supplement. Islamabad: Government of Pakistan, Finance Division, Economic Adviser’s Wing.
  • Government of NWFP and IUCN. 1996. Sarhad Provincial Conservation Strategy, Peshawar.
  • Government of Pakistan, WWF and IUCN. 2000. Biodiversity Action Plan for Pakistan: A Framework for conserving our Natural wealth Imprint (Pvt) Ltd., Rawalpindi Cantt., Pakistan.
  • Government of Pakistan. 2005. National Environment Policy of Pakistan, Ministry of Environment, Islamabad.
  • Government of Pakistan. 2009. National Parks of Pakistan, Ministry of Tourism, Islamabad. http://www.tourism.gov.pk/ Date cited: 10-09-2009.
  • IUCN. 1990. IUCN Directory of South Asian Protected Areas, Cambridge, UK: World Conservation Monitoring Centre.
  • IUCN. 1994. Guidelines for Protected Area Management Categories. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN, CNPPA with the assistance of WCMC.
  • JRC.(not dated). Towards Sustainable Development: The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy, Journalists’ Resource Center, IUCN Pakistan, Karachi.
  • Khan, Mirza Hakim. 1997. Conservation of Biodiversity and Endangered Ecosystem In Pakistan, XI world forestry congress Antalya, Turkey, 13 to 22 October 1997, volume 2, topic 7.
  • Khan, Zafar Iqbal. 2003. Protected Areas in Pakistan: Management and Issues, J.Natn. Science Foundation Sri Lanka, 31(1&2) 239-248
  • Mackinnon, J. and MacKinnon, K. 1986. Review of protected areas System in Indo Malayan realm, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K.
  • Mumtaz, K. 1989. Pakistan’s Environment: A Historical Perspective in Shirkat Gah Women’s Resource center, Pakistan’s environment: a historical perspective and selected bibliography with annotations Journalists’ Resource Center, IUCN Pakistan, Karachi.
  • National Council for Conservation of Wildlife. 1978. Wildlife Conservation Strategy: Pakistan. Report, National Council for Conservation of Wildlife, Islamabad.
  • Rao, A.L. 1984. A review of Wildlife Legislation in Pakistan, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.
  • Roberts, T.J. (1991/1992) The Birds of Pakistan, Oxford University Press, Karachi.
  • Thomas, Lee and Middleton, Julie. 2003. Guidelines for Management Planning of Protected Areas. IUCN Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
  • Udvardy, M. D. V. 1975. A classification of the biogeographical provinces of the world, IUCN Occasional Paper 18. Morges.
  • World Resource Institute, Earth Trends Country Profile, www. earthtrends.wri.org, Date Cited: 30-09- 2009.
  • WWF Pakistan. 1993. Ecological and Resource Survey for Forest Conservation in Pakistan, Lahore: WWF Pakistan.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA89KC94EY
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

Mehmet Somuncu Bu kişi benim

Ashfaq Ahmad Khan Bu kişi benim

Liaqat Ali Waseem Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ekim 2009
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2009 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Somuncu, M., Khan, A. A., & Waseem, L. A. (2009). Pakistan’daki Korunan Alanlar Sisteminin Değerlendirilmesi: Mevcut Durum ve Gelecekteki Gelişm. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi, 1(2), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1501/Csaum_0000000010
AMA Somuncu M, Khan AA, Waseem LA. Pakistan’daki Korunan Alanlar Sisteminin Değerlendirilmesi: Mevcut Durum ve Gelecekteki Gelişm. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi. Ekim 2009;1(2):1-16. doi:10.1501/Csaum_0000000010
Chicago Somuncu, Mehmet, Ashfaq Ahmad Khan, ve Liaqat Ali Waseem. “Pakistan’daki Korunan Alanlar Sisteminin Değerlendirilmesi: Mevcut Durum Ve Gelecekteki Gelişm”. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi 1, sy. 2 (Ekim 2009): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1501/Csaum_0000000010.
EndNote Somuncu M, Khan AA, Waseem LA (01 Ekim 2009) Pakistan’daki Korunan Alanlar Sisteminin Değerlendirilmesi: Mevcut Durum ve Gelecekteki Gelişm. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi 1 2 1–16.
IEEE M. Somuncu, A. A. Khan, ve L. A. Waseem, “Pakistan’daki Korunan Alanlar Sisteminin Değerlendirilmesi: Mevcut Durum ve Gelecekteki Gelişm”, Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi, c. 1, sy. 2, ss. 1–16, 2009, doi: 10.1501/Csaum_0000000010.
ISNAD Somuncu, Mehmet vd. “Pakistan’daki Korunan Alanlar Sisteminin Değerlendirilmesi: Mevcut Durum Ve Gelecekteki Gelişm”. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi 1/2 (Ekim 2009), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1501/Csaum_0000000010.
JAMA Somuncu M, Khan AA, Waseem LA. Pakistan’daki Korunan Alanlar Sisteminin Değerlendirilmesi: Mevcut Durum ve Gelecekteki Gelişm. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi. 2009;1:1–16.
MLA Somuncu, Mehmet vd. “Pakistan’daki Korunan Alanlar Sisteminin Değerlendirilmesi: Mevcut Durum Ve Gelecekteki Gelişm”. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi, c. 1, sy. 2, 2009, ss. 1-16, doi:10.1501/Csaum_0000000010.
Vancouver Somuncu M, Khan AA, Waseem LA. Pakistan’daki Korunan Alanlar Sisteminin Değerlendirilmesi: Mevcut Durum ve Gelecekteki Gelişm. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi. 2009;1(2):1-16.