Paleolimnological Investigations in Coastal Sarıkum Lagoon, Sinop, Turkey

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 1 - 17, 04.07.2024

Ceran Şekeryapan Lisa Doner Handong Yang

https://doi.org/10.62163/aucevrebilim.1435679

Öz

Lagoons are dynamic systems, making ecosystem management difficult. Paleolimnological approach is the only way to track past long term environmental changes and background conditions that are essential to build environmental management plans. Here, we investigated a sediment record from Sarıkum Lagoon, on the Black Sea coastal plain in North Anatolia, through a multiproxy paleolimnological approach to reveal long term environmental change and background conditions in the lake. For which, dry weight, organic and carbonate carbon, chlorophyll a (including its main diagenetic products), magnetic susceptibility and ostracod analysis were undertaken. The core was dated via radionuclide technique. At around 30 cm of the sediment record, there are abrupt transitions in all proxies, indicating a massive sediment input, a transition from transitional water to lacustrine environment, and lake’s biota also changed. Biological proxies preserved in the sediments suggest that the latest zone, after this event, is represented by lacustrine and hydrologically more isolated conditions from the Black Sea. Whatever the reason of that event (e.g. earthquake, flood), Sarıkum Lagoon has had lacustrine conditions during the last ~ 2 and half centuries following that abrupt event. This long term environmental change information should be considered while making future ecosystem management and conservation plans for the lake. (e.g. keep the lake connected with the Black Sea).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Transitional waters, paleolimnoloji, multiproxy approach, Black Sea, Turkey

Destekleyen Kurum

Middle East Technical University

Proje Numarası

BAP-08-11-DPT-2002K120510

Sinop, Türkiye, Kıyısal Sarıkum Lagünü'nde Paleolimnolojik Araştırmalar

Öz

Lagünler ekosistem yönetimini zorlaştıran dinamik sistemlerdir. Paleolimnolojik yaklaşım, çevre yönetim planlarının oluşturulması için gerekli olan geçmiş uzun vadeli çevresel değişiklikleri ve referans koşullarını izlemenin tek yoludur. Burada, Kuzey Anadolu, Karadeniz kıyı düzlüğündeki Sarıkum Lagünü’nden alınan sediman karotunu göldeki geçmiş koşullar ve uzun süreli çevresel değişimi ortaya çıkarmak için, çoklu indikatör kullanılan plaeolimnolojik bir yaklaşımla araştırdık. Bunun için kuru ağırlık, organik ve karbonat karbon, klorofil a (ana diyajenetik ürünleri dahil), manyetik duyarlılık ve ostrakod analizleri yapıldı. Karotun tarihi radyonüklid tekniği ile belirlendi. Sediman kaydının yaklaşık 30’uncu cm’sinde, bütün indikatörlerde büyük bir sediman girişini, geçiş sularından gölsel çevreye geçişi ve göl biyotasının da değiştiğini gösteren ani geçişler vardır. Sedimanda korunan biyolojik indikatörler bu olaydan sonraki en geç zonun gölsel ve Karadeniz’den daha izole koşullarla temsil edildiğini düşündürmektedir. Bu olayın nedeni ne olursa olsun (deprem, su baskını vb.) Sarıkum Lagünü gölsel koşulları son 2.5 yüzyıl boyunca, bu ani olayın ardından kazanmıştır. Göl için gelecek ekosistem yönetimi ve koruma planları yapılırken bu uzun süreli çevresel değişim bilgileri dikkate alınmalıdır (örneğin, gölün Karadeniz’le bağlantısını koruyun).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Geçiş suları, paleolimnoloji, çoklu-indikatör yaklaşımı, Karadeniz, Türkiye

Proje Numarası

BAP-08-11-DPT-2002K120510

Kaynakça

• Altinok, Y., Alpar, B., Özer, N. and Aykurt, H. 2011. Revision of the tsunami catalogue affecting Turkish coasts and surrounding regions. Nhess, 11: 273-291.
• Andrade, C., Trigo, R.M., Freitas, M.C., Gallego, M.C., Borges, P. and Ramos, A.M. 2008. Comparing historic records of storm frequency and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) chronology for the Azores region. Holocene, 18: 745-754.
• Appleby, P.G. and Oldfield, F. 1978. The calculation of lead-210 dates assuming a constant rate of supply of unsupported 210Pb to the sediment. Catena, 5: 1-8.
• Blindow, I., Anderson, A.H. and Johanson, S. 1993. Long-term pattern of alternative stable states in two shallow eutrophic lakes. Freshwater Biol, 39: 159-167.
• Boomer, I. and Eisenhauer, G. 2002. Ostracod Faunas as Palaeoenvironmental Indicators in Marginal Marine Environments. pp 135-149. Editors: J.A. Holmes, A.R. Chivas. The Ostracoda: Applications in Quaternary Research, Geophysical Monograph 131, American Geophysical Union.
• Boomer, I., Horne, D.J. and Slipper, I.J. 2003. The use of ostracods in Palaeoenvironmental studies, or what can you do with an ostracod shell? Palaeontological Society Papers, 9: 153-180.
• Brayshaw, D.J., Hoskins, B. and Black, E. 2010. Some physical drivers of changes in the winter storm tracks over the North Atlantic and Mediterranean during the Holocene. Philos Trans R Soc A, 368(1931): 5185–5223.
• Ceyhunlu, A.I., Ceribasi, G., Ahmed, N. and Al‑Najjar, H. 2021. Climate change analysis by using sen’s innovative and trend analysis methods for western black sea coastal region of turkey. J Coast Conserv, 25:50 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-021-00839-y.
• Dean, W.E. 1974. Determination of carbonate and organic matter in calcareous sediments and sedimentary rocks by loss on ignition: Comparison with other methods. J Sediment Res, 44: 242–248.
• Dearing, J.A. 1994. Environmental Magnetic susceptibility: Using the Bartington MS2 System. Chi Publishing, Kenilworth, England.
• Dezileau, L., Sabatier, P., Blanchemanche, P., Joly, B., Swingedouw, D., Cassou, C., Castaings, J., Martinez, P. and Von Grafenstein, U. 2011. Intense storm activity during the Little Ice Age on the French Mediterranean coast. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol, 299: 289–297.
• Frenzel, P. and Boomer, I. 2005. The use of ostracods from marginal marine, brackish waters as bioindicators of modern and Quaternary environmental change. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol, 225: 68-92.
• Göktürk, O.M., Fleitmann, D., Badertscher, S., Cheng, H., Edwards, R.L. and Tüysüz, O. 2011. Climate on the southern Black sea coast during the Holocene. Quaternary Sci Rev, 30: 2433-2445.
• Grove, J.M. 1990. The Little Ice Age. Routledge, London and New York.
• Jacobson, M.J., Flohr, P., Gascoigne, A., Leng, M.J., Sadekov, A., Cheng, H., Edwards, R.L., Tüysüz, O. and Fleitmann, D. 2021. Heterogenous Late Holocene Climate in the Eastern Mediterranean - The Kocain Cave Record from SW Turkey. Geophysical Research Letters, 48, e2021GL094733. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL094733.
• Johanson, F.E., Bakke, J., Støren, E.N., Paasche, Ø., Engeland, K. and Arnaud, F. 2020. Lake Sediments Reveal Large Variations in Flood Frequency Over the Last 6,500 Years in South-Western Norway. Frontiers in Earth Science, 8, doi: 10.3389/feart.2020.00239.
• Keyser, D. 2005. Histological peculiarities of the noding process in Cyprideis torosa (Jones) (Crustacea, Ostracoda). Hydrobiologia, 538: 95–106.
• Kuran, U. and Yalçiner, A.C. 1993. Crack propagations, earthquakes and tsunamis in the vicinity of Anatolia. pp 159–175. Editor: S. Tinti. Tsunamis in the World. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
• Kuznetsov, S.Y., Saprykina, Y.V., Kos’yan, R.D. and Pushkarev, O.V. 2006. Formation mechanism of extreme storm waves in the Black Sea. Dokl Earth Sci, 408: 570-574.
• Leroy, S.A.G., Tavakoli, V., Habibi, P., Naderi Beni, M., Lahijani, H.A.K., Djamali, M., Naqinezhad, A., Moghadam, M.V., Arpe, K., Shahe Hosseini, M., Hosseindoust, M. and Miller, C.S. 2011. Late Little Ice Age palaeoenvironmental records from the Anzali and Amirkola Lagoons (south Caspian Sea): vegetation and sea level changes. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 302 (3), 415-434.
• Lintern, A., Leahy, P.J., Zawadzki, A., Gadd, P., Heijnis, H., Jacobsen, G., Connor, S., Deletic, A. and McCarthy, D.T. 2016. Sediment cores as archives of historical changes in floodplain lake hydrology. Science of Total Environment, 54: 1008-1019.
• Mann, M.E., Zhang, Z., Rutherford, S., Bradley, R.S., Hughes, M.K., Shindell, D., Ammann, C., Faluvegi, G. and Ni, F. 2009. Global Signatures and Dynamical Origins of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly. Science, 326: 1256-1260.
• Medvedev, I.P., Rabinovich, A.B. and Kulikov, E.A. 2016. Tides in Three Enclosed basins: The Baltic, Black and Caspian Seas. Frontiers in Marine Science, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2016.00046.
• Meisch, C. 2000. Freshwater Ostracoda of Western and Central Europe (Süßwasserfauna von Mitteleuropa 8/3). Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin.
• Michelutti, N., Blais, J.M., Cumming, B.F., Paterson, A.M., Ruhland, K., Wolfe, A.P. and Smol, J.P. 2010. Do spectrally inferred determinations of chlorophyll a reflect trends in lake trophic status? J Paleolimnol, 43: 205-217.
• Michelutti, N. and Smol, J.P. 2016. Visible spectroscopy reliably tracks trends in paleo-production. J Paleolimnol, 56: 253–265.
• Mischke, S., Zhang, C. and Börner, A. 2008. Bias of ostracod stable isotope data caused by drying of sieve residues from water. J Paleolimnol, 40: 567-575.
• Oyama, M. 1970. Revised Standard Soil Chart. Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipments, Netherlands.
• Ozaner, F.S. 1998. Sinop Batısındaki Ekosistemler ve İlginç Yerşekillerinin Jeomorfolojisi, Ekoturizm Yönünden Önemi. TÜBİTAK Yer Deniz Atmosfer Bilimleri ve Çevre Araştırma Grubu, Ankara
• Pint, A., Frenzel, P., Fuhrmann, R., Scharf, B. and Wennrich, V. 2012. Distribution of Cyprideis torosa (Ostracoda) in Quaternary Athalassic Sediments in Germany and its Application for Palaeoecological Reconstructions. Int Rev Hydrobiol, 97: 330-355.
• Regmi, T., Shah, D.N., Doody, T.M., Cuddy, S.M. and Shah, R.D.T. 2021. Hydrological alteration induced changes on macrophyte community composition in sub-tropical floodplain wetlands of Nepal. Aquatic Botany, 173: 103413.
• Roberts, N., Reed, J.M., Leng, M.J., Kuzucuoğlu, C., Fontugne, M., Bertaux, J., Woldring, H., Bottema, S., Black, S., Hunt, E. and Karabıyıkoğlu, M. 2001. The tempo of Holocene climate change in the eastern Mediterranean region: New high-resolution crater-lake sediments data from central Turkey. Holocene, 11: 721–736.
• Roberts, N., Moreno, A., Valero-Garcés, B.L., Corella, J.P., Jones, M., Allcock, S., Woodbridge, J., Morellón, M., Luterbacher, J., Xoplaki, E. and Türkeş, M. 2012. Palaeolimnological evidence for an east–west climate see-saw in the Mediterranean since AD 900. Global and Planetary Change, 84/85:23-34.
• Rydberg, J., Cooke, C.A., Tolu, J., Wolfe, A.P. and Vinebrooke, R.D. 2020. An assessment of chlorophyll preservation in lake sediments using multiple analytical techniques applied to the annually laminated lake sediments of Nylandssjön. J Paleolimnol, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-020-00143-z,
• Sekeryapan, C. 2011. Paleolimnological Investigations from Modern Coastal Lakes on Thrace and Black Sea Coast of Turkey During the Mid-late Holocene. PhD Thesis, Metu, Ankara.
• Sekeryapan, C., Streurman, H-J., van der Plicht, J., Woldring, H., van der Veen, Y. and Boomer, I. 2020. Late Glacial to mid Holocene lacustrine ostracods from southern Anatolia, Turkey: a palaeoenvironmental study with pollen and stable isotopes. Catena, 188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.104437.
• Sekeryapan, C. 2022. Freshwater ostracods from an alpine wetland in south-central Anatolia, Turkey. Limnologica, 93, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2022.125963. Smol, J.P. 1992. Paleolimnology: an important tool for effective ecosystem management. Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health, 1: 49-58.
• Smol, J.P. 2008. Pollution of Lakes and Rivers: a paleoenvironmental perspective, (2nd ed). Blackwell Publishing Smol, J.P. 2019. Under the radar: long-term perspectives on ecological changes in lakes. Proc R Soc B: Biol Sci, 286: 20190834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0834.
• Touchan, R., Xoplaki, E., Funkhouser, G., Luterbacher, J., Hughes, M.K., Erkan, N., Akkemik, U. and Stephan, J. 2005. Reconstructions of spring/summer precipitation for the Eastern Mediterranean from tree-ring widths and its connection to large-scale atmospheric circulation. Clim Dynam, 25: 75–98.
• Trigo, R.M., Pozo-Vasquez, D., Osborn, T.J., Castro-Diez, Y., Gámis-Fortis, S. and Esteban-Parra, M.J. 2004. North Atlantic Oscillation influence on precipitation, river flow and water resources in the Iberian Peninsula. Int J Climatol, 24: 925–44.
• Yalçiner, A. 2004. Tsunamis in the Black Sea: Comparison of the historical, instrumental and numerical data. J Geophys Res, 109 : 1-13.
• Yavuz, V., Akçar, N. and Schlüchter, C. 2007. The Frozen Bosphorus and its paleoclimatic implications based on a summary of the historical data. pp 633-649. Editors: V. Yanko-Hombach, A.S. Gilbert, N. Panin. The Black Sea Flood Question: Changes in coastline, climate and human settlement, Springer. Yılmaz, C. 2005. Sarıkum Gölü Ekosistemi (Sinop). Türkiye Kuvaterner Sempozyumu V. Bildiriler Kitabı: 219–226, 2-3 Haziran 2005, İstanbul.
• Wick, L., Lemcke, G. and Sturm, M. 2003. Evidence of Lateglacial and Holocene climatic change and human impact in eastern Anatolia: high-resolution pollen, charcoal, isotopic and geochemical records from the laminated sediments of Lake Van, Turkey. Holocene, 13: 665-675.
• Wills, K.J. and Birks, H.J.B. 2006. What Is Natural? The Need for a Long-Term Perspective in Biodiversity Conservation. Science, 314: 1261-1264.
• Woldring, H. and Bottema, S. 2002. The vegetation history of East-Central Anatolia in relation to archaeology: the Eski Acıgöl pollen evidence compared with the Near Eastern environment. Palaeohistoria, 43/44: 1–34.
• Wright, H.E. 1967. A square-rod piston sampler for lake sediments. J Sediment Petrol, 37: 975- 976.
• Van Der Valk, A. 2005. Water-level fluctuations in North American prairie wetlands. Hydrobiologia, 539: 171-188. Viehberg, F.A. 2006. Freshwater ostracod assemblages and their relationship to environmental variables in waters from northeast Germany. Hydrobiologia, 571: 213–224.