Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Richard Rorty’nin Temellendirme Karşıtı Düşüncesinde Toplumsal Umudun Temeli

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 3 , 15 - 26, 26.12.2025

Öz

Bu makalede, Richard Rorty’nin (1931-2007) pragmatist düşünce çerçevesi içinde toplumsal umuda verdiği önem ele alınmakta ve umudun gerekçelendirilemez olduğu yönündeki iddiası sorgulanmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı; Rorty düşüncesinde merkezi bir yer tutan anti-Platonizm, dayanışma ve insan öznesinin rolleri çerçevesinde, Rorty’ci pragmatist yaklaşımın küresel eşitlikçi bir ütopya umudu için özgün bir temel sunduğunun gösterilmesidir. Rorty, aşkın doğrulara ve nihai temellere dayanan Platonik metafiziği reddederek, insanlık tarihinin olumsallığını, dilin yaratıcı potansiyelini ve bireyler ile toplulukların dönüştürücü kapasitesini vurgular. Bu temellendirme karşıtı olan bakış açısı kapsamında, umut metafizik varsayımlardan bağımsız hale gelir, ancak ahlaki ve politik bir yönelim olarak hayati önem taşımaya devam eder. Rorty, umudun herhangi bir temellendirici ya da evrensel zeminde gerekçelendirilemeyeceğini iddia etse de, onu irrasyonel bir tutuma ya da duyguya da indirgemez. Aksine, Rorty’nin felsefesi liberal umutların rasyonelliğine arka çıkar. Bu nedenle, Rorty’nin umudun gerekçelendirilemezliğine yaptığı vurgunun, geleneksel metafiziğin sunduğu sahte umutlara yöneltilmiş bir eleştiri olarak okunması gerektiğini ileri sürmekteyim. Nitekim tam da bu eleştiri Rorty’yi tarihsel olumsallık içindeki liberal ve dayanışmacı bir toplumsal umuda yöneltir. İnsan öznesinin mutluluğu hedefleyişi evrenselci olmayan ama evrensel potansiyel taşıyan bir umut anlayışı geliştirir. Böylece Rorty’nin pragmatist felsefesi, metafizik güvencelere değil, insanın yaratıcılığına dayanan, hem özbilinçli hem de sorumlu bir umut biçimini mümkün kılar.

Kaynakça

  • Bernstein, R. J. (2003). Rorty’s Inspirational Liberalism. In C. Guignon & D. R. Hiley (Eds.), Richard Rorty (pp. 124-138). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Erez, L. (2011). Rorty on Dignity, Humiliation and the Boundaries of the Moral Community (Unpublished master’s thesis). Darwin College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge.
  • Koopman, C. (2006). Pragmatism as a Philosophy of Hope: Emerson, James, Dewey, Rorty. The Journal of Speculative Philosophy 20 (2), 106–116.
  • Malachowski, A. (2002). Richard Rorty. New York: Routledge.
  • Martin, A. M. (2014). How We Hope: A Moral Psychology. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Meirav, A. (2009). The Nature of Hope. Ratio 22 (2), 216–33.
  • Milona, M. (2018). Finding Hope. Canadian Journal of Philosophy 49 (5), 1–20.
  • Rorty, R. (1982). Consequences of Pragmatism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Rorty, R. (1989). Contingency, Irony, Solidarity. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rorty, R. (1994). After Philosophy, Democracy: Richard Rorty. In G. Borradori, (Ed.), R. Crocitto (trans.), The American Philosopher: Conversations with Quine, Davidson, Putnam, Nozick, Danto, Rorty, Cavell, MacIntyre, and Kuhn (pp. 103-117). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Rorty, R. (1998). Truth and Progress. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rorty, R. (1999). Philosophy and Social Hope. New York: Penguin Books.
  • Rorty, R. (2002). Hope and the Future. Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice 14 (2), 149-155.
  • Rorty R., Nystrom D., Puckett K. (2002). Against Bosses, Against Oligarchies: A Conversation with Richard Rorty. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press.
  • Smith, N. H. (2005). Rorty on Religion and Hope. Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 48 (1), 76-98.
  • Smith, N. (2010). From the Concept of Hope to the Principle of Hope. In J. Horrigan & E. Wiltse (Eds.), Hope Against Hope: Philosophies, Cultures and Politics of Possibility and Doubt (pp. 1-22). Amsterdam: Rodopi.
  • Stahl, T. (2020). Political Hope and Cooperative Community. In C. Blöser & T. Stahl (Eds.), The Moral Psychology of Hope (pp. 265-284). London; New York: Rowman and Littlefield.

The Ground of Social Hope In Richard Rorty’s Ungroundable Philosophy

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 3 , 15 - 26, 26.12.2025

Öz

This paper explores Richard Rorty’s (1931-2007) emphasis on social hope within his broader pragmatist frame of thought, questioning his claim that hope lacks justification. By examining the roles of anti-Platonism, solidarity, and human agency —concepts that occupy a central position in Rorty’s thought— I aim to demonstrate that his own version of pragmatism provides a distinctive ground for social hope of a global egalitarian utopia. Rorty’s rejection of Platonic metaphysics, which depends on transcendent truths and ultimate grounds, leads him to stress the contingency of human history, the creative potential of language, and the transformative capacity of individuals and communities. Within this anti-foundational vision, hope is detached from metaphysical assumptions yet remains vital as a moral and political orientation. While Rorty insists that hope cannot be justified in any foundational or universal sense, he does not reduce it to an irrational sentiment or attitude. On the contrary his philosophy endorses the rationality of the liberal hopes. Therefore, I argue that his focus on the unjustifiability of hope should be read as a critique of the false hopes offered by traditional metaphysics. This critique leads Rorty toward a liberal and solidaristic form of social hope within historical contingency. The human subject’s pursuit of happiness gives rise to a conception of hope that is non-universal yet carries a universal potential. Rorty’s pragmatist philosophy thus enables a form of hope that is both self-conscious and responsible—rooted not in metaphysical assurances but in human creativity.

Kaynakça

  • Bernstein, R. J. (2003). Rorty’s Inspirational Liberalism. In C. Guignon & D. R. Hiley (Eds.), Richard Rorty (pp. 124-138). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Erez, L. (2011). Rorty on Dignity, Humiliation and the Boundaries of the Moral Community (Unpublished master’s thesis). Darwin College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge.
  • Koopman, C. (2006). Pragmatism as a Philosophy of Hope: Emerson, James, Dewey, Rorty. The Journal of Speculative Philosophy 20 (2), 106–116.
  • Malachowski, A. (2002). Richard Rorty. New York: Routledge.
  • Martin, A. M. (2014). How We Hope: A Moral Psychology. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Meirav, A. (2009). The Nature of Hope. Ratio 22 (2), 216–33.
  • Milona, M. (2018). Finding Hope. Canadian Journal of Philosophy 49 (5), 1–20.
  • Rorty, R. (1982). Consequences of Pragmatism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Rorty, R. (1989). Contingency, Irony, Solidarity. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rorty, R. (1994). After Philosophy, Democracy: Richard Rorty. In G. Borradori, (Ed.), R. Crocitto (trans.), The American Philosopher: Conversations with Quine, Davidson, Putnam, Nozick, Danto, Rorty, Cavell, MacIntyre, and Kuhn (pp. 103-117). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Rorty, R. (1998). Truth and Progress. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rorty, R. (1999). Philosophy and Social Hope. New York: Penguin Books.
  • Rorty, R. (2002). Hope and the Future. Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice 14 (2), 149-155.
  • Rorty R., Nystrom D., Puckett K. (2002). Against Bosses, Against Oligarchies: A Conversation with Richard Rorty. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press.
  • Smith, N. H. (2005). Rorty on Religion and Hope. Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 48 (1), 76-98.
  • Smith, N. (2010). From the Concept of Hope to the Principle of Hope. In J. Horrigan & E. Wiltse (Eds.), Hope Against Hope: Philosophies, Cultures and Politics of Possibility and Doubt (pp. 1-22). Amsterdam: Rodopi.
  • Stahl, T. (2020). Political Hope and Cooperative Community. In C. Blöser & T. Stahl (Eds.), The Moral Psychology of Hope (pp. 265-284). London; New York: Rowman and Littlefield.
Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çağdaş Felsefe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Zeynep Duran 0000-0003-4897-2100

Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Kasım 2025
Kabul Tarihi 25 Kasım 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Duran, Z. (2025). The Ground of Social Hope In Richard Rorty’s Ungroundable Philosophy. Anadolu Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 3, 15-26.