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Clinical characteristics, complications and prognosis of seventy-nine measles cases

Yıl 2006, , 98 - 103, 01.03.2006
https://doi.org/10.1501/Tipfak_0000000201

Öz

Aim: To investigate the age distribution, clinical presentations, laboratory and radiological findings, complications and prognosis of measles in children.
Materials and Methods: The children with the clinical diagnosis of measles which was confirmed
by a sensitive enzyme immunoassay for measles IgM antibody were evaluated comprehensively
aspect to complication of measles (i.e. pneumonia, otitis media, encephalitis).
Results: The ages of the 79 patients with measles ranged from 1 to 180 months. The severity of
the disease was significantly correlated with the younger age (p<0.001), higher levels of blood
neuthrophil counts and serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP) (p<0.05). The most common complications were pneumonia (75%) and encephalitis (9%). Three (3,8%) patients died due to the complications.
Conclusion: It was found that the severity of measles and the rate of complications are high
especially in infancy. Secondary bacterial pneumonia is the most common complications and
also responsible for the severity of measles. Acute measles encephalitis is not infrequent. Infancy,
very severe pneumonia, malnutrition and compromised immunity are the major factors which
increase mortality.

Kaynakça

  • Maldonado YA. Rubeola virus (measles and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis). In: Long SS, Pickering LK, Prober LG (eds), Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infecrious Diseases. 2nd. edition. Churchill Livinstone Inc. 2003pp; 1148-1155.
  • Smyth A. Pneumonia due to viral and atypical organisms and their sequelae. Br Med Bull 2002; 61:247-262.
  • Chalmers I. Why we need to know whether prophylactic antibiotics can reduce measles-related morbidity. Pediatrics 2002; 2: 312-315.
  • Hartter HK, Oyedele OI, Dietz K, et al. Placental transfer and decay maternally acquired antimeasles antibodies in Nigerian children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000; 19:635-641.
  • Ibrahim SA, Mustafa OM, Mukhtar MM, et al. Measles in suburban Khartoum: an epidemiological and clinical study. Trop Med Int Health 2002; 5:442-449.
  • Marufu T, Siziya S, Tshimanga M, et al. Factors associated with measles complication in Gweru, Zimbabwe. East Afr Med J 2001; 3:135-138.
  • Quiambao BP, Gatchalian SR, Halonen P, et al. Coinfection is common in measles-associated pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998; 17:89-93.
  • Kaplan LJ, Daum RS, Smaron M, et al. Severe measles in immunucompromised patients. J Am Med Assoc 1992; 267:1237-1241.
  • Acute respiratory infections in children: case management in small hospitals in developing countries. Programme for the control of ARI. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1988.
  • Gunaratne PS, Ranjendran T, Tilakaratne S. Neorological complications of measles. Ceylon Med J 2000; 2:48-50.
  • El-Far F, Sztajnbok J, Marotto PC, et al. Meningoencephalitis in the acute phase of measles. Report of 6 cases. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2000; 58:136-140.
  • Kaninda AV, Legros D, Jatau M, et al. Measles vaccine effectivenes in standart and early immunization strategies, Niger, 1995. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998; 17:1034-1039.
  • Caceres VM, Strebel PM. Factors determining prevalence of maternal antibody to measles virus throughout infancy: a review. Clin Infec Dis 2000; 31:110-119.
  • Gans H, Yasukawa L, Rinki M, et al. Immune responses to measles and mumps vaccination of infants at 6,9, and 12 months. J Infect Dis 2001; 184:817-826.
  • Kanra G, Ceyhan M: Elimination of maternal antibodies against measles. Turk J Pediatr 1991; 33:217-220.
  • Epidemiyoji Ünitesi, Viroloji Laboratuvar Şefliği. Yapılan saha çalışmalarındaki kızamık antikor dağılımları. AER 2002; 1:11.
  • Akramuzzaman SM, Cutts FT, Hossain MJ, et al. Measles vaccine effectiveness and risk factors for measles in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Bull WHO 2002; 80:776-782.
  • Mgone JM, Mgone CS, Duke T, et al. Control measures and the outcome of the measles epidemic of 1999 in the Eastern Highlands Province. P N G Med J 2000; 43:91-97.
  • Thakur JS, Ratho RK, Bhatia SP, et al. Measles outbreak in a Periurban area of Chandigargh: need for improving vaccine coverage and strengtening surveillance. Indian J Pediatr 2002; 69:33-37.
  • Van den Hof S, Conyn-van Spaendonck M, Van Steenbergen JE. Measles epidemic in The Netherlands, 1999–2000. J Infect Dis 2002; 186:1483-1486.
  • Van den Hof S, Smit C, Van Steenbergen JE, et al. Hospitalizations during a measles epidemic in the Netherlands, 1999–2000. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002; 21:1146-1150.
  • Lertpiriyasuwat C, Kanlayanpotporn J, Deeying J, et al. Measles outbreak in an orphanage, Bangkok, Thailand, September- October 2000. J Med Assoc Thai 2002; 85:653-657.
  • Comittee on Infectious Diseases: Vitamin A treatment of measles. Pediatrics 1993; 91:1014-1015.
  • Griffin DE, Ward BJ, Esolen LM. Pathogenesis of measles virus infection: an hypothesis for altered immune responses. J Infect Dis 1994; 170 (Suppl 1):24-31.
  • Atabani SF, Byrnes AA, Jaye A, et al. Natural measles causes prolonged supression of interleukin–12 production. J Infect Dis 2001; 184:1-9.
  • Mustafa MM, Weitman SD, Winick NJ, et al. Subacute measles encephalitis in the young immunocompromised host: report of two cases diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction and treated with ribavirin and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 1993; 16:654-660.
  • Papadopoulu A, Theodoridou M, Syriopoulou V, et al. Hepatitis in children hospitalized with measles: the experience after a Greek epidemic. J Paediatr Child Health 2001; 1:55-57.
  • Okamura A, Itakura O, Yoshiko M, et al. Unusual presentation of measles giant cell pneumonia in a patient with Acquired ImmunodeŞciency Syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32:57-58.
  • Kanra G, Çetin I, Akçören Z, et al. Giant cell pneumonia in a leukemic child in remission: a case report. Turk J Pediatr 2001; 43:338-341.

Yetmişdokuz kızamık olgusunda klinik özellikler, komplikasyonlar ve prognoz

Yıl 2006, , 98 - 103, 01.03.2006
https://doi.org/10.1501/Tipfak_0000000201

Öz

Amaç: Kızamığın çocuklarda yaş dağılımını, klinik ve laboratuar özelliklerini, radyolojik bulgularını,
yan etkilerini ve prognozu değerlendirmek amaçlandı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Klinik olarak kızamık tanısı konulan ve kızamık IgM antikor mikroELISA yöntemi ile de tanısı kesinleşen olgular kızamığın yan etkileri (alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonu, orta
kulak iltihabı, ensefalit) açısından ayrıntılı olarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Yetmiş dokuz olgunun yaşları 1–180 ay arasında değişmekteydi. Hastalığın şiddeti yaşın
küçük olması (p<0.001), kan nötrofil sayısındaki ve CRP’deki yükseklik ile (p<0.05) ciddi olarak
ilişkili bulundu. En sık görülen yan etki pnömoni (%75) ve ensefalit (%9) idi. Üç (%3,8) olgu kızamık
yan etkilerinden dolayı kaybedildi.
Tartışma: Özellikle bebeklik dönemindeki çocukların, kızamığın şiddeti ve yan etkileri açısından
daha duyarlı oldukları saptandı İkincil bakteriyel alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonu oldukça sık ve
ayrıca hastalığın ciddiyetinden sorumlu faktör olarak saptandı. Akut kızamık ensefalitinin de
düşünüldüğü kadar ender olmadığı görüldü. Bebeklik dönemi, çok ciddi alt solunum yolu, malnütrisyon ve immun baskılanma mortaliteyi artıran büyük risk faktörleri olarak saptandı.

Kaynakça

  • Maldonado YA. Rubeola virus (measles and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis). In: Long SS, Pickering LK, Prober LG (eds), Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infecrious Diseases. 2nd. edition. Churchill Livinstone Inc. 2003pp; 1148-1155.
  • Smyth A. Pneumonia due to viral and atypical organisms and their sequelae. Br Med Bull 2002; 61:247-262.
  • Chalmers I. Why we need to know whether prophylactic antibiotics can reduce measles-related morbidity. Pediatrics 2002; 2: 312-315.
  • Hartter HK, Oyedele OI, Dietz K, et al. Placental transfer and decay maternally acquired antimeasles antibodies in Nigerian children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000; 19:635-641.
  • Ibrahim SA, Mustafa OM, Mukhtar MM, et al. Measles in suburban Khartoum: an epidemiological and clinical study. Trop Med Int Health 2002; 5:442-449.
  • Marufu T, Siziya S, Tshimanga M, et al. Factors associated with measles complication in Gweru, Zimbabwe. East Afr Med J 2001; 3:135-138.
  • Quiambao BP, Gatchalian SR, Halonen P, et al. Coinfection is common in measles-associated pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998; 17:89-93.
  • Kaplan LJ, Daum RS, Smaron M, et al. Severe measles in immunucompromised patients. J Am Med Assoc 1992; 267:1237-1241.
  • Acute respiratory infections in children: case management in small hospitals in developing countries. Programme for the control of ARI. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1988.
  • Gunaratne PS, Ranjendran T, Tilakaratne S. Neorological complications of measles. Ceylon Med J 2000; 2:48-50.
  • El-Far F, Sztajnbok J, Marotto PC, et al. Meningoencephalitis in the acute phase of measles. Report of 6 cases. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2000; 58:136-140.
  • Kaninda AV, Legros D, Jatau M, et al. Measles vaccine effectivenes in standart and early immunization strategies, Niger, 1995. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998; 17:1034-1039.
  • Caceres VM, Strebel PM. Factors determining prevalence of maternal antibody to measles virus throughout infancy: a review. Clin Infec Dis 2000; 31:110-119.
  • Gans H, Yasukawa L, Rinki M, et al. Immune responses to measles and mumps vaccination of infants at 6,9, and 12 months. J Infect Dis 2001; 184:817-826.
  • Kanra G, Ceyhan M: Elimination of maternal antibodies against measles. Turk J Pediatr 1991; 33:217-220.
  • Epidemiyoji Ünitesi, Viroloji Laboratuvar Şefliği. Yapılan saha çalışmalarındaki kızamık antikor dağılımları. AER 2002; 1:11.
  • Akramuzzaman SM, Cutts FT, Hossain MJ, et al. Measles vaccine effectiveness and risk factors for measles in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Bull WHO 2002; 80:776-782.
  • Mgone JM, Mgone CS, Duke T, et al. Control measures and the outcome of the measles epidemic of 1999 in the Eastern Highlands Province. P N G Med J 2000; 43:91-97.
  • Thakur JS, Ratho RK, Bhatia SP, et al. Measles outbreak in a Periurban area of Chandigargh: need for improving vaccine coverage and strengtening surveillance. Indian J Pediatr 2002; 69:33-37.
  • Van den Hof S, Conyn-van Spaendonck M, Van Steenbergen JE. Measles epidemic in The Netherlands, 1999–2000. J Infect Dis 2002; 186:1483-1486.
  • Van den Hof S, Smit C, Van Steenbergen JE, et al. Hospitalizations during a measles epidemic in the Netherlands, 1999–2000. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002; 21:1146-1150.
  • Lertpiriyasuwat C, Kanlayanpotporn J, Deeying J, et al. Measles outbreak in an orphanage, Bangkok, Thailand, September- October 2000. J Med Assoc Thai 2002; 85:653-657.
  • Comittee on Infectious Diseases: Vitamin A treatment of measles. Pediatrics 1993; 91:1014-1015.
  • Griffin DE, Ward BJ, Esolen LM. Pathogenesis of measles virus infection: an hypothesis for altered immune responses. J Infect Dis 1994; 170 (Suppl 1):24-31.
  • Atabani SF, Byrnes AA, Jaye A, et al. Natural measles causes prolonged supression of interleukin–12 production. J Infect Dis 2001; 184:1-9.
  • Mustafa MM, Weitman SD, Winick NJ, et al. Subacute measles encephalitis in the young immunocompromised host: report of two cases diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction and treated with ribavirin and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 1993; 16:654-660.
  • Papadopoulu A, Theodoridou M, Syriopoulou V, et al. Hepatitis in children hospitalized with measles: the experience after a Greek epidemic. J Paediatr Child Health 2001; 1:55-57.
  • Okamura A, Itakura O, Yoshiko M, et al. Unusual presentation of measles giant cell pneumonia in a patient with Acquired ImmunodeŞciency Syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32:57-58.
  • Kanra G, Çetin I, Akçören Z, et al. Giant cell pneumonia in a leukemic child in remission: a case report. Turk J Pediatr 2001; 43:338-341.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Tuğba Hirfanoğlu Bu kişi benim

Gönül Tanır Bu kişi benim

Candemir Karacan Bu kişi benim

Neşe Göl Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2006
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2006

Kaynak Göster

APA Hirfanoğlu, T., Tanır, G., Karacan, C., Göl, N. (2006). Clinical characteristics, complications and prognosis of seventy-nine measles cases. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 59(3), 98-103. https://doi.org/10.1501/Tipfak_0000000201
AMA Hirfanoğlu T, Tanır G, Karacan C, Göl N. Clinical characteristics, complications and prognosis of seventy-nine measles cases. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. Mart 2006;59(3):98-103. doi:10.1501/Tipfak_0000000201
Chicago Hirfanoğlu, Tuğba, Gönül Tanır, Candemir Karacan, ve Neşe Göl. “Clinical Characteristics, Complications and Prognosis of Seventy-Nine Measles Cases”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 59, sy. 3 (Mart 2006): 98-103. https://doi.org/10.1501/Tipfak_0000000201.
EndNote Hirfanoğlu T, Tanır G, Karacan C, Göl N (01 Mart 2006) Clinical characteristics, complications and prognosis of seventy-nine measles cases. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 59 3 98–103.
IEEE T. Hirfanoğlu, G. Tanır, C. Karacan, ve N. Göl, “Clinical characteristics, complications and prognosis of seventy-nine measles cases”, Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, c. 59, sy. 3, ss. 98–103, 2006, doi: 10.1501/Tipfak_0000000201.
ISNAD Hirfanoğlu, Tuğba vd. “Clinical Characteristics, Complications and Prognosis of Seventy-Nine Measles Cases”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 59/3 (Mart 2006), 98-103. https://doi.org/10.1501/Tipfak_0000000201.
JAMA Hirfanoğlu T, Tanır G, Karacan C, Göl N. Clinical characteristics, complications and prognosis of seventy-nine measles cases. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2006;59:98–103.
MLA Hirfanoğlu, Tuğba vd. “Clinical Characteristics, Complications and Prognosis of Seventy-Nine Measles Cases”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, c. 59, sy. 3, 2006, ss. 98-103, doi:10.1501/Tipfak_0000000201.
Vancouver Hirfanoğlu T, Tanır G, Karacan C, Göl N. Clinical characteristics, complications and prognosis of seventy-nine measles cases. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2006;59(3):98-103.