BALANCING REFORM AND STABILITY: POLICE REFORM TRAJECTORIES IN POST-2010 KYRGYZSTAN

Öz

This study analyzes the trajectory of police reform in Kyrgyzstan following the 2010 political transition, focusing on the interrelationship among governance practices, institutional change, and mechanisms of public accountability. It asks how police reform in Kyrgyzstan has developed since 2010, and to what extent these reform efforts have strengthened governance, enhanced public accountability, or reproduced existing institutional practices. Based on official records, international evaluation reports, and academic scholarship, this study maps the reform trajectory across three phases: donor-backed engagement from 2010 to 2014, legal and institutional modernization between 2014 and 2016, and the post-2016 phase marked by recentralization and reform fatigue. It demonstrates that while initial reform efforts incorporated participatory mechanisms, such as pilot community policing initiatives, their institutional effects remained modest and susceptible to political change. The analysis is grounded in a governance-centered framework that synthesizes perspectives from security sector reform, norm diffusion theory, and participatory oversight to examine why police reform has stalled. The Kyrgyz case indicates that reform outcomes are driven primarily by political commitment, patterns of state-society interaction, and path-dependent institutional legacies, rather than by technical police reform design. This article deepens scholarly understanding of the ways in which hybrid governance environments mediate the adaptation and endurance of internationally diffused reform norms in policing.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• : Police Reform
• Governance
• Security Sector Reform
• Kyrgyzstan
• State-Society Relations

REFORM İLE İSTİKRAR ARASINDAKİ DENGE: 2010 SONRASI KIRGIZİSTAN’DA POLİS REFORM SÜREÇLERİ

Öz

Bu makale, 2010 yılındaki siyasal değişim sonrasında Kırgızistan’da yürütülen polis reformunun gelişimini araştırmaktadır. Çalışmada, 2010 sonrasında Kırgızistan’da polis reformunun nasıl şekillendiği ve bu reformların yönetişimi güçlendirme, kamusal hesap verebilirliği artırma ya da mevcut kurumsal pratikleri yeniden üretme düzeyi sorgulanmaktadır. Resmi kurum raporları, uluslararası değerlendirmeler ve akademik literatüre dayanılarak polis reformu süreci üç aşamada ele alınmıştır: uluslararası donör destekli polis reformu (2010-2014), yasal mevzuat ve kurumsal reformlar (2014-2016) ve 2016 sonrasında meydana gelen merkezileşme ve reform yorgunluğu süreci. Polis reformu çabaları kapsamında toplum destekli polis uygulamaları gibi yenilikçi uygulamalar geliştirilmesine rağmen bu girişimlerin kurumsal etkisi sınırlı kalmış ve ülkede yaşanan siyasi gelişmelere bağımlı durumda kalmayı sürdürmüştür. Araştırmada, güvenlik sektörü reformu, norm yayılımı ve katılımcı denetim teorilerinden yararlanılmak suretiyle yönetişim temelli bir teorik çerçeve sunulmuştur. Araştırmanın bulguları ise polis reformunun başarısının reformun tasarımından daha çok siyasi irade, devlet ile toplum arasındaki ilişkiler ve ülkedeki kurumsallaşmış yapıların etkisi çerçevesinde belirlendiğine işaret etmektedir. Kırgızistan örneği, polis reformu bağlamında, hibrit yönetişim koşullarında uluslararası reform normlarının nasıl yerelleştirildiğini ve ne ölçüde sürdürülebilir olduğunu anlamaya katkı sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Polis Reformu
• Yönetişim
• Güvenlik Sektörü Reformu
• Kırgızistan
• Devlet-Toplum İlişkileri

Kaynakça

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