ARŞİV KAYITLARI IŞIĞINDA FİLİSTİN’E YAHUDİ GÖÇÜ VE İNGİLTERE’NİN “WHITE PAPER” BELGELERİ (1922-1939)

Öz

İngiltere’nin 1917’de Balfour Deklarasyonu’nu ilan etmesinin akabinde, Filistin’i fiili bir şekilde işgal etmesiyle, Filistin’de etkileri açık bir şekilde bugün dahi devam eden bir süreç başlamış oldu. Bu çalışmada, İngiliz manda yönetimi altındaki Filistin’de cereyan eden gelişmeler, White Paper belgeleri üzerinden ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada İngiliz ve Milletler Cemiyeti arşiv belgelerinin kullanılması, hadiselere ilk elden bakabilme fırsatı sunmaktadır. Balfour Deklarasyonu ile İngiltere, Filistin’de bir Yahudi yurdu kurulması için elinden gelen bütün gayreti sarf edeceği vaadini vermiştir. 1922 yılında İngiliz mandasının Filistin’de kurulmasının ardından, Araplar ile Yahudiler arasındaki gerilimli ortamın, çatışmaya döndüğü bilinmektedir. İngiltere, bölgede Yahudi göçlerini engellemeden Arapları sakinleştirmenin yollarını aramaktaydı. Bu doğrultuda ilk olarak 1922 yılında Winston Churchill tarafından “Churchill White Paper” adı verilen bir belge yayınlanmıştır. Ancak bu belge istenen neticeyi vermemiştir. Bölgede gerçek bir barışın tesis edilmesi amacından uzak bir şekilde, Siyonist Örgüt ile iş birliği içerisinde hareket eden İngiltere, 1930 yılında bu sefer Passfield adında bir White Paper yayınlamıştır. Ancak yayınlanan bu belge ile bölgedeki iç karışıklıklar sona ermemiştir. Son olarak 1939 yılında yayınlanan MacDonald White Paper ile İngiltere’nin bölgedeki sorumluluklarından kaçmaya çalıştığı müşahede edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, İngiliz mandası döneminde ilan edilen White Paper’lar, İngiliz politikasının çelişkili yönlerini ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İngiltere
• Filistin
• Siyonizm
• Manda Yönetimi
• Yahudi Göçü

Kaynakça

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