Endokrinolojik Perspektiften İklim Değişikliği: Arıların Koloni Sağlığı ve Hayatta Kalma Stratejileri
Öz
İklim değişikliği, arı kolonilerinin sağlığı ve hayatta kalması için giderek artan bir tehdittir. Arıların yok olması sadece biyolojik bir kayıp değil, aynı zamanda küresel ekosistem ve insanlık için de büyük bir tehdittir. İklim değişikliği; gezegenin iklimini değiştiren insan faaliyetlerinden kaynaklı artan sera gazları sonucunda ekosistemler üzerindeki baskıyı artırarak küresel biyolojik dengeyi bozar. Ayrıca iklim değişikliği, arıların büyüme, üreme, metabolizma ve bağışıklık gibi temel fonksiyonlarını kontrol eden endokrin sistemini bozarak hayati fonksiyonlarında ciddi sorunlara yol açar. Arıların gelişimini, üremesini ve davranışlarını kontrol eden temel hormonların (Juvenil Hormon - JH ve ekdisteroidler) çevresel sinyallere karşı son derece hassas olduğu görülmektedir. İklim değişikliğinin neden olduğu anormal sıcaklık rejimleri ve besin kaynaklarındaki düzensizlikler, arıların hormonal dengesini bozarak kraliçe arıların yumurtlama oranını, işçi arıların yaşam süresini ve larvaların gelişimini olumsuz etkiler. İklim değişikliğine bağlı olarak oluşan bu hormonal düzensizlik, koloninin hayatta kalmasını ve sürdürülebilirliğini sağlayan koloni işleyişindeki biyolojik yaşam döngüsünü sekteye uğratır. İklim değişikliği kaynaklı endokrin sistem bozuklukları, arıların patojenlere ve pestisitlere karşı doğal direncini azaltır, koloninin bağışıklık sistemini zayıflatır ve ikincil enfeksiyonlar ile parazit yüklerini artırır. Sonuç olarak, küresel arı azalmasının temel mekanizmalarını aydınlatmak için iklim değişikliğinin arı popülasyonları üzerindeki karmaşık etkilerini endokrinolojik bir bakış açısıyla incelemek kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu yaklaşım, arıların hayatta kalma stratejilerini anlamak ve koruma çabalarını geliştirmek için hormonal biyobelirteçlerin izlenmesine odaklanmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
İklim değişikliği Endokrinoloji Juvenil Hormon Arı Kolonisi Sağlığı Apis mellifera (Bal Arısı)
Etik Beyan
Bu çalışma bir derleme makalesi olup, herhangi bir etik kurul izni gerektiren veri (insan/hayvan deneyleri, klinik çalışmalar, vb.) içermemektedir.
Kaynakça
- Ali, A. R., & Niu, Q. (2023). Evaluating climate change effects on honey bees and beekeeping. Apidologie, 54(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-022-00987-6
- Ament, S. A., Wang, Y., & Robinson, G. E. (2010). Nutritional regulation of division of labor in honey bees: toward a systems biology perspective. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Systems Biology and Medicine, 2(5), 566–576. https://doi.org/10.1002/wsbm.81
- Amiri, E., Strand, M. K., Tarpy, D. R., & Rueppell, O. (2017). Queen quality and the impact of honey bee diseases on queen health: Potential for interactions between two major threats to colony health. Insects, 8(2), 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects8020048
- Brockmann, A., Dietemann, V., Crewe, R. M., & Tautz, J. (2006). Beyond 9-ODA: Sex pheromone communication in the European honey bee Apis mellifera L. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 32, 657–667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-006-9027-2
- Dequenne, A., & Megerssa, M. (2022). Climate effects on honey bees can be mitigated by beekeeping management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 42, 1–15.
- Ghosh, A., Tripathy, A., & Ghosh, D. (2022). Impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on reproductive health of human. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 75(1), 16–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12595-021-00412-3
- Isidorov, V. A., Bakier, S., & Grzech, I. (2012). Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric investigation of the chemical composition of royal jelly and worker jelly of honey bees (Apis mellifera). Journal of Apicultural Science, 56(1), 81–94.
- Kodai, T., Nakatani, T., & Noda, N. (2011). The absolute configurations of hydroxy fatty acids from the royal jelly of honeybees (Apis mellifera). Lipids, 46(3), 263–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-010-3518-7
- Li, K., Jia, Q. Q., & Li, S. (2019). Juvenile hormone signaling–a mini review. Insect Science, 26(4), 600–606. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.12614
- Mishra, A., Jain, A., Iyer, P. S., Suryanarayanan, A., Nordström, K., & Olsson, S. B. (2025). Innate floral object identification in a solitary pollinator employs a combination of both visual and olfactory cues. The Science of Nature, 112(2), 18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-025-01965-5
- Moldoveanu, O. C. (2025). Enhancing abundance and biodiversity of wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) through pollinator-friendly management. Journal of Apicultural Research, 64(1), 12–25.
- Nagaraja, N., & Abrol, D. P. (2020). Reproductive biology of Apis florea. In The Future Role of Dwarf Honey Bees in Natural and Agricultural Systems (pp. 25-35). CRC Press.
- Nicodemo, D., Maioli, M. A., Medeiros, H. C. D., Guelfi, M., & Balieira, K. V. B. (2014). Fipronil and imidacloprid reduce honeybee mitochondrial activity. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 33(9), 2070–2075. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2655
- Pandey, A., & Bloch, G. (2015). Juvenile hormone and ecdysteroids as major regulators of brain and behavior in bees. Current Opinion in Insect Science, 12, 26–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2015.09.006
- Radcliffe, S. (2021). The Superorganism and Herd Health for the Honey Bee. Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice, 37(3), 545–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2021.06.010
- Shorter, J. R., Rueppell, O., & Arechavaleta-Velasco, M. (2009). Effects of the juvenile hormone analogue methoprene on rate of behavioural development, foraging performance and navigation in honey bees (Apis mellifera). Journal of Experimental Biology, 212(10), 1618–1625.
- Stabentheiner, A., Kovac, H., & Brodschneider, R. (2010). Honeybee colony thermoregulation – Regulatory mechanisms and contribution of individuals in dependence on age, location and thermal stress. PLoS ONE, 5(1), e8967. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008967
- Towne, W. F., & Gould, J. L. (1988). The spatial precision of the honey bee's dance communication. Journal of Insect Behavior, 1, 129–155.
- Villar, G., & Grozinger, C. M. (2017). Primer effects of the honeybee, Apis mellifera, queen pheromone 9-ODA on drones. Animal Behaviour, 127, 271–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.03.018
Öz
Climate change is an increasing threat to the health and survival of bee colonies. The decline of bees is not only a biological loss, but also a major challenge to the global ecosystem and humanity. Climate change disrupts the global biological balance by increasing the pressure on ecosystems due to greenhouse gases caused by human activities changing the planet's climate. Climate change disrupts the endocrine system of bees, which controls their essential functions such as growth, reproduction, metabolism and immunity, and causes serious physiological problems. Studies indicate that the key hormones governing the development, reproduction and behavior of bees (Juvenile Hormone - JH and ecdysteroids) are extremely sensitive to environmental signals. Abnormal temperature regimes and nutritional irregularities caused (by climate change disrupt the hormonal balance of bees, negatively affecting the egg-laying rate of queen bees, the lifespan of worker bees and the development of larvae. This dysregulation, induced by climate change, undermines the biological life cycle within the colony. OR This climate-induced dysregulation undermines the biological life cycle essential for colony sustainability. Endocrine system disorders caused by climate change reduce the natural resistance of bees to pathogens and pesticides, weakening the colony's immunity and increasing secondary infections and parasite loads. In conclusion, to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms of global bee decline, it is crucial to examine the complex effects of climate change on bee populations from an endocrinological perspective. This approach focuses on monitoring hormonal biomarkers to understand bee survival strategies and improve conservation efforts.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Climate change Endocrinology Juvenile Hormone Bee Colony Health Apis mellifera (Honey Bee)
Etik Beyan
This study is a review article and does not contain any data requiring ethics committee approval (human/animal experiments, clinical studies, etc.).
Kaynakça
- Ali, A. R., & Niu, Q. (2023). Evaluating climate change effects on honey bees and beekeeping. Apidologie, 54(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-022-00987-6
- Ament, S. A., Wang, Y., & Robinson, G. E. (2010). Nutritional regulation of division of labor in honey bees: toward a systems biology perspective. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Systems Biology and Medicine, 2(5), 566–576. https://doi.org/10.1002/wsbm.81
- Amiri, E., Strand, M. K., Tarpy, D. R., & Rueppell, O. (2017). Queen quality and the impact of honey bee diseases on queen health: Potential for interactions between two major threats to colony health. Insects, 8(2), 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects8020048
- Brockmann, A., Dietemann, V., Crewe, R. M., & Tautz, J. (2006). Beyond 9-ODA: Sex pheromone communication in the European honey bee Apis mellifera L. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 32, 657–667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-006-9027-2
- Dequenne, A., & Megerssa, M. (2022). Climate effects on honey bees can be mitigated by beekeeping management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 42, 1–15.
- Ghosh, A., Tripathy, A., & Ghosh, D. (2022). Impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on reproductive health of human. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 75(1), 16–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12595-021-00412-3
- Isidorov, V. A., Bakier, S., & Grzech, I. (2012). Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric investigation of the chemical composition of royal jelly and worker jelly of honey bees (Apis mellifera). Journal of Apicultural Science, 56(1), 81–94.
- Kodai, T., Nakatani, T., & Noda, N. (2011). The absolute configurations of hydroxy fatty acids from the royal jelly of honeybees (Apis mellifera). Lipids, 46(3), 263–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-010-3518-7
- Li, K., Jia, Q. Q., & Li, S. (2019). Juvenile hormone signaling–a mini review. Insect Science, 26(4), 600–606. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.12614
- Mishra, A., Jain, A., Iyer, P. S., Suryanarayanan, A., Nordström, K., & Olsson, S. B. (2025). Innate floral object identification in a solitary pollinator employs a combination of both visual and olfactory cues. The Science of Nature, 112(2), 18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-025-01965-5
- Moldoveanu, O. C. (2025). Enhancing abundance and biodiversity of wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) through pollinator-friendly management. Journal of Apicultural Research, 64(1), 12–25.
- Nagaraja, N., & Abrol, D. P. (2020). Reproductive biology of Apis florea. In The Future Role of Dwarf Honey Bees in Natural and Agricultural Systems (pp. 25-35). CRC Press.
- Nicodemo, D., Maioli, M. A., Medeiros, H. C. D., Guelfi, M., & Balieira, K. V. B. (2014). Fipronil and imidacloprid reduce honeybee mitochondrial activity. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 33(9), 2070–2075. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2655
- Pandey, A., & Bloch, G. (2015). Juvenile hormone and ecdysteroids as major regulators of brain and behavior in bees. Current Opinion in Insect Science, 12, 26–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2015.09.006
- Radcliffe, S. (2021). The Superorganism and Herd Health for the Honey Bee. Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice, 37(3), 545–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2021.06.010
- Shorter, J. R., Rueppell, O., & Arechavaleta-Velasco, M. (2009). Effects of the juvenile hormone analogue methoprene on rate of behavioural development, foraging performance and navigation in honey bees (Apis mellifera). Journal of Experimental Biology, 212(10), 1618–1625.
- Stabentheiner, A., Kovac, H., & Brodschneider, R. (2010). Honeybee colony thermoregulation – Regulatory mechanisms and contribution of individuals in dependence on age, location and thermal stress. PLoS ONE, 5(1), e8967. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008967
- Towne, W. F., & Gould, J. L. (1988). The spatial precision of the honey bee's dance communication. Journal of Insect Behavior, 1, 129–155.
- Villar, G., & Grozinger, C. M. (2017). Primer effects of the honeybee, Apis mellifera, queen pheromone 9-ODA on drones. Animal Behaviour, 127, 271–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.03.018
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Biyokimya ve Hücre Biyolojisi (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 1 Kasım 2025 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 12 Ocak 2026 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 5 Şubat 2026 |
| IZ | https://izlik.org/JA33UX74JG |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2026 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1 |