Kadınlarda Madde Bağımlılığı

Öz

Madde kullanımı ve bağımlılığı sorunu ülkemizde ve dünyada giderek yaygınlaşan bir sorundur. Yapılan araştırmalara göre madde kullanımında başlama, madde kullanımını sürdürme ve tedaviye başvurma ve toplumsal damgalama bağlamında cinsiyete göre farklılıklar söz konusudur. Bu çalışmada madde kullanımı cinsiyet değişkenine göre değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, kadın, madde kullanımı ve bağımlılığı ile damgalama anahtar kelimeleri verilerek literatür göden geçirmesi yapılmış ve elde edilen sonuçlar derleme olarak sunulmuştur. Elde edilen bulguların başında ilk kez madde denemede erkeklerin akranlarından kadınların ise daha çok duygusal ilişkide oldukları partnerlerinden etkilenmesi gelmektedir. Yine madde kullanmaya başlama yaşı, sürdürme gerekçeleri de cinsiyete göre fark göstermektedir. Kadınların toplumda erkeklerden daha fazla fizik sel/d uygus al/ci nsel travmaya maruz kalması madde kullanımına başlamada önemli bir etkendir. Kadınların bağımlılık eşiğinin erkeklere oranla daha düşük ve nüks oranlarının daha yüksek olduğunu gösteren çalışmalar mevcuttur. Tedaviye ilk başvuru, ek psikiyatrik komorbidite ve toplumsal damgalamada kadın cinsiyetin daha dezavantajlı olduğu görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, bağımlılık ile ilgili müdahale çalışmalarında cinsiyetin önemli bir belirleyici olduğu göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Madde bağımlılığı
• kadın madde bağımlısı
• damgalama
• travma

Substance Abuse in Women

Öz

The problem of substance use and addiction is not a new problem in our country and in the world; in fact, it can be said that this problem is as old as the history of humanity. According to the researches, there are differences according to gender in the context of initiating substance use, continuing substance use, and seeking treatment and social stigma. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate substance use according to the gender variable. For this purpose, a literature review was made by giving the keywords women, substance use, and addiction, and the results were presented as a compilation. At the beginning of the findings, men were affected by their peers and women were affected by their partners, with whom they are more emotionally involved, at the first substance trial. Again, the age of starting substance use and the reasons for continuing it differ according to gender. There are studies showing that women have a lower addiction threshold and higher relapse rates than men. It is observed that woman gender is more disadvantaged in terms of seeking initial treatment, additional psychiatric comorbidities, and social stigmatization. It is known that substance users are exposed to more trauma in society. In conclusion, it should be considered that gender is an important determinant in addiction intervention studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Female addicted
• stigma
• substance abuse
• trauma

Kaynakça

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