Taşkent begliğinin toprak mülkiyeti tarihinden (19. yüzyılın başı)

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 115, 107 - 125, 30.09.2023

Odil Zaripov

https://doi.org/10.59358/ayt.1301085

Öz

Makale, 19. yüzyılın başlarında Taşkent'teki arazi mülkiyeti konularını arşiv belgelerine ve tarihi kaynaklara dayalı olarak vurgular ve analiz eder. Araştırılan: Bölgedeki toprak sorunlarının çözümünde İslam hukukunun etkisi, İslam hukukunun uyumlaştırılması ve tarımda yerel gelenekler. Yukarıdaki analize dayanarak, Rus İmparatorluğu'nun işgalinden önce Taşkent'te kendine özgü ve tam teşekküllü bir toprak mülkiyeti yasal kurumunun olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Kokand Hanlığı'nın yasal kurumunun bir parçası olan ve şeriat yasalarına ve ilkel olarak eski tarım geleneklerine dayanan. Çalışma tarihselcilik ilkesine dayalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışma sırasında mikrotarihsel bir yaklaşım, karşılaştırmalı, sistematik, içerik analizi ve problem-kronolojik yöntemler kullanılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kokand Hanlığı, Taşkent, arazi mülkiyeti, vesika, şeriat, âdet, vergiler, haraç

Ташкент бегіліктерінің жерге иелік ету тарихынан (19 ғ. басы)

Öz

Мақалада 19 ғасыр басындағы Ташкенттегі жерге меншік мәселелері мұрағат құжаттары мен тарихи дереккөздер негізінде айшықталып, талданған. Зерттелді: Мұсылман құқығының өлкедегі жер мәселесін шешуге әсері, егіншіліктегі мұсылман құқығы мен жергілікті әдет-ғұрыптарды үйлестіру. Жоғарыдағы талдаулар негізінде Ташкентте Ресей империясының шапқыншылығына дейін жер иеленудің өзіндік және толыққанды құқықтық институты болған деген қорытындыға келеді. Қоқан хандығының құқықтық институтының бір бөлігі болған және шариғат заңдарына және егіншіліктің ертеден келе жатқан дәстүрлеріне сүйенген. Зерттеу тарихшылдық принципі негізінде жүргізілді. Зерттеу барысында микротарихи көзқарас, салыстырмалы, жүйелік, мазмұндық талдау және проблемалық-хронологиялық әдістер қолданылды.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Қоқан хандығы, Ташкент, жер иелену, уәсиқа, шариғат, адат, салық, хараж, уақф

FROM THE HISTORY OF LAND OWNERSHIP OF THE TASHKENT BEGLIK (BEGINNING OF THE 19th CENTURY)

Öz

The article highlights and analyzes based on archival documents and historical sources the issues of land ownership in Tashkent in the early 19th century. Researched: the influence of Muslim law on the solution of land issues in the region, the harmonization of Muslim law and local customs in agriculture. Based on the above analysis, it is concluded that in Tashkent before the invasion of the Russian Empire, there was a peculiar and full-fledged legal institution of land tenure. Which was part of the legal institution of the Kokand Khanate and relied on Sharia law and the primordially ancient traditions of agriculture. The study was conducted based on the principle of historicism. In the course of the study were used a microhistorical approach, comparative, systematic, content analysis and problem-chronological methods.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kokand Khanate, Tashkent, land ownership, wasiqa, shari, ādat, taxes, kharaj, waqf

Из истории землевладения ташкентского беглика (начало XIX века)

Öz

В статье на основе архивных документов и исторических источников освещаются и анализируются вопросы землевладения в Ташкенте в начале XIX века. Исследованы: влияние мусульманского права на решение земельных вопросов в регионе, гармонизация мусульманского права и местных обычаев в сельском хозяйстве. На основании приведенного анализа делается вывод о том, что в Ташкенте до нашествия Российской империи существовал своеобразный и полноценный правовой институт землевладения. Которое входило в состав правового института Кокандского ханства и опиралось на законы шариата и исконно древние традиции земледелия. Исследование проводилось на основе принципа историзма. В ходе исследования использовались микроисторический подход, сравнительный, систематический, контент-анализ и проблемно-хронологический методы.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Кокандское ханство, Ташкент, землевладение, васика, шариат, адат, налоги, харадж, вакф

Kaynakça

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