Araştırma Makalesi
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TOY DESIGN FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SUSTAINABILITY AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND PRODUCT ANALYSIS ON THE EXAMPLE OF WOODEN TOYS

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 5, 67 - 93, 31.01.2025

Öz

This study presents a research methodology integrating sustainability and child development perspectives in toy design, focusing on the contributions of wooden toys to environmental sustainability, innovation, and developmental benefits. The research follows a three-phase approach. In the first phase, Wallon and Piaget's child development theories and sustainable design principles were reviewed to establish essential elements in toy design. In the second phase, eight wooden toy designs selected from national and international patent databases were evaluated using thematic analysis based on sustainability (material choice, recyclability), developmental contributions (cognitive, social, emotional), and innovation criteria. In the third phase, the findings were compared with the literature to identify areas for improvement in toy design practices.
The results revealed that wooden toys promote natural material use while supporting children's cognitive and social skills. Furthermore, the study highlighted the importance of innovative design approaches in developing educational and functional toys. The findings emphasize the need to prioritize sustainability in toy design practices and propose a multidisciplinary approach to creating toys that align with both environmental and developmental goals. This research aims to guide designers and manufacturers in adopting sustainable practices while addressing children's developmental needs through creative and eco-friendly toy designs.

Kaynakça

  • Brown, C. and Stone, E. (2018). Environmental and social contributions to children’s gender-typed toy play: the role of family, peers, and media, 121-140. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000077-007
  • Bulgarelli, D., vd. (2018). Children with cerebral palsy playing with mainstream robotic toys: playfulness and environmental supportiveness. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01814
  • Can, F. G., vd. (2021). Examining the child liking levels of the students attending the child development program in terms of some variables: the example of Ağrı. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(3), 269-276. https://doi.org/10.30569/adiyamansaglik.901130
  • Coyle, E. and Liben, L. (2015). Affecting girls’ activity and job interests through play: the moderating roles of personal gender salience and game characteristics. Child Development, 87(2), 414-428. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12463
  • Deshpande, A. (2022). Design for difference: cognitive enhancement toys for children with developmental delays, Cardiometry, (23), 326-336.
  • Ekmekçioğlu, D. (2017). Üç boyutlu problem çözmeyi sağlayan oyuncak yapılanması. Türk Patent Enstitüsü. Faydalı Model Sicili Tescil Numarası. 2017 08604.
  • Fafeng, Q. & Zujin, Q. (2022). Eğitici ahşap oyuncak. EP-Espacenet. Faydalı Model Sicili Tescil Numarası. CN218011060U.
  • Fernandes, S. A., & Coelho, D. A. (2013). Toy design: A methodological perspective. To appear in The Internatıonal Journal Of Desıgned Objects, 7(1).
  • Genç, U. (2022). Sök-tak ahşap oyuncak mutfak. Türk Patent Enstitüsü. Faydalı Model Sicili Tescil Numarası. 2022 014014.
  • George, J., Fletcher, R., & Palazzi, K. (2016). Comparing fathers' physical and toy play and links to child behaviour: an exploratory study. Infant and Child Development, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.1958
  • Gülen, S. and Dönmez, İ. (2020). Çocuk gelişimi programında okuyan öğrencilerin “çocuk” ve “çocuk gelişimi” kavramlarına yönelik metaforlarının belirlenmesi. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1-1. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.654029
  • Halli, S. (2023). Sustainability factors affecting caregivers' toy preferences: an evaluation of e‐commerce best sellers in turkey. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 23(3), 1114-1129. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.2265
  • Hashmi, S. (2023). How do children play with toy trains and for what benefits? a scoping review. European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education, d13(10), 2112-2134. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13100149
  • Jones, S., Brown, J., & Aber, J. (2011). Two-year impacts of a universal school-based social-emotional and literacy intervention: an experiment in translational developmental research. Child Developmentd, 82(2), 533-554. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01560.x
  • Kewalramani, S., Palaiologou, I., Dardanou, M., Allen, K., & Phillipson, S. (2021). Using robotic toys in early childhood education to support children’s social and emotional competencies. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 46(4), 355-369. https://doi.org/10.1177/18369391211056668
  • Köşker, N. (2019). Pre-school children’s perceptions of nature. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1), 294-308. https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2019.19.43815-443217
  • Kulak, S. and Stein, R. (2016). Toy age-labeling: an overview for pediatricians of how toys receive their age safety and developmental designations. Pediatrics, 138(1). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-1803 Kun, S. (2024). Physical fitness combined toy for children. WIPO-Patent Scope. CN209270822.
  • Landrigan, P., vd. (2004). Children's health and the environment: public health issues and challenges for risk assessment. Environmental Health Perspectives, 112(2), 257-265. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6115
  • Lukman, R., vd. (2021). Sustainability assessment with integrated circular economy principles: a toy case study. Sustainability, 13(7), 3856. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073856
  • Mingkai, Z. (2024). Mathematics teaching appliance splicing method. WIPO-Patent Scope. CN117912337.
  • Nichols, S., vd. (2010). Toddlers’ understanding of peers’ emotions. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 171(1), 35-53. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221320903300346
  • Orlando, J., vd. (2023). Information available to parents seeking education about infant play, milestones, and development from popular sources. Behavioral Sciences, 13(5), 429. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13050429
  • Sastry, J., vd. (2021). The effect of the indoor environment on wheeze- and sleep-related symptoms in young indian children. Lung India, 38(4), 307-313. https://doi.org/10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_120_20
  • Schulz, L. and Bonawitz, E. (2007). Serious fun: preschoolers engage in more exploratory play when evidence is confounded. Developmental Psychology, 43(4), 1045-1050. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.4.1045
  • Trawick-Smith, J., vd. (2011). Measuring the effects of toys on the problem-solving, creative and social behaviours of preschool children. Early Child Development and Care, 181(7), 909-927. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2010.503892
  • Tu, J., vd. (2022). Analyzing decision-making factors of green design for kid’s toys based on the concept of product lifecycle. Processes, 10(8), 1523. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10081523
  • Wangping, C., vd. (2024). Children intelligence-promoting wooden pinyin combination board toy. WIPO-Patent Scope. Faydalı Model Sicili Tescil Numarası. CN220632991.
  • Yaochun, M. (2021). Çocuklar için Dezenfekte Etmeye Uygun Ahşap Oyuncak. EP-Espacenet. Faydalı Model Sicili Tescil Numarası. CN212998371U.
  • Ziqiu, W. & Yi, W. (2024). Educational learning toy convenient for exercising audiovisual touch sense of infant. WIPO-Patent Scope. CN220632975.

SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK VE ÇOCUK GELİŞİMİ PERSPEKTİFİNDEN OYUNCAK TASARIMI: AHŞAP OYUNCAK ÖRNEĞİ ÜZERİNDEN TEORİK ÇERÇEVE VE ÜRÜN ANALİZİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 5, 67 - 93, 31.01.2025

Öz

Bu çalışma, oyuncak tasarımında sürdürülebilirlik ve çocuk gelişimi perspektiflerini birleştiren bir araştırma yöntemini ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, ahşap oyuncakların çevresel sürdürülebilirlik, yenilikçilik ve çocuk gelişimine yönelik katkılarını değerlendiren üç aşamalı bir yaklaşım benimsemiştir. İlk aşamada, Wallon ve Piaget’nin çocuk gelişim teorileri ile sürdürülebilir tasarım yaklaşımları literatür taramasıyla incelenmiş ve oyuncak tasarımında dikkate alınması gereken temel unsurlar belirlenmiştir. İkinci aşamada, ulusal ve uluslararası patent veri tabanlarından seçilen sekiz farklı ahşap oyuncak tasarımı, sürdürülebilirlik (malzeme seçimi, geri dönüşüm), gelişimsel katkılar (bilişsel, sosyal, duygusal) ve yenilikçilik kriterlerine göre tematik analiz yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Üçüncü aşamada ise bu analiz sonuçları literatürle karşılaştırılarak oyuncak tasarımı süreçlerinde geliştirilmesi gereken alanlar tartışılmıştır.
Araştırma bulguları, ahşap oyuncakların sürdürülebilirlik açısından doğal malzeme kullanımını teşvik ederken, çocukların bilişsel ve sosyal becerilerini destekleme potansiyelini ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, yenilikçi tasarım yaklaşımları ile eğitici ve işlevsel oyuncaklar geliştirilmesinin önemi vurgulanmıştır. Çalışma, oyuncak tasarımı alanında sürdürülebilirlik ilkelerine dayalı tasarım uygulamalarının yaygınlaştırılmasına yönelik öneriler sunmaktadır. Bu kapsamda hem çevre dostu hem de çocuk gelişimine uygun oyuncakların tasarlanması için disiplinler arası bir yaklaşımın benimsenmesi gerektiği belirtilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Brown, C. and Stone, E. (2018). Environmental and social contributions to children’s gender-typed toy play: the role of family, peers, and media, 121-140. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000077-007
  • Bulgarelli, D., vd. (2018). Children with cerebral palsy playing with mainstream robotic toys: playfulness and environmental supportiveness. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01814
  • Can, F. G., vd. (2021). Examining the child liking levels of the students attending the child development program in terms of some variables: the example of Ağrı. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(3), 269-276. https://doi.org/10.30569/adiyamansaglik.901130
  • Coyle, E. and Liben, L. (2015). Affecting girls’ activity and job interests through play: the moderating roles of personal gender salience and game characteristics. Child Development, 87(2), 414-428. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12463
  • Deshpande, A. (2022). Design for difference: cognitive enhancement toys for children with developmental delays, Cardiometry, (23), 326-336.
  • Ekmekçioğlu, D. (2017). Üç boyutlu problem çözmeyi sağlayan oyuncak yapılanması. Türk Patent Enstitüsü. Faydalı Model Sicili Tescil Numarası. 2017 08604.
  • Fafeng, Q. & Zujin, Q. (2022). Eğitici ahşap oyuncak. EP-Espacenet. Faydalı Model Sicili Tescil Numarası. CN218011060U.
  • Fernandes, S. A., & Coelho, D. A. (2013). Toy design: A methodological perspective. To appear in The Internatıonal Journal Of Desıgned Objects, 7(1).
  • Genç, U. (2022). Sök-tak ahşap oyuncak mutfak. Türk Patent Enstitüsü. Faydalı Model Sicili Tescil Numarası. 2022 014014.
  • George, J., Fletcher, R., & Palazzi, K. (2016). Comparing fathers' physical and toy play and links to child behaviour: an exploratory study. Infant and Child Development, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.1958
  • Gülen, S. and Dönmez, İ. (2020). Çocuk gelişimi programında okuyan öğrencilerin “çocuk” ve “çocuk gelişimi” kavramlarına yönelik metaforlarının belirlenmesi. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1-1. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.654029
  • Halli, S. (2023). Sustainability factors affecting caregivers' toy preferences: an evaluation of e‐commerce best sellers in turkey. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 23(3), 1114-1129. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.2265
  • Hashmi, S. (2023). How do children play with toy trains and for what benefits? a scoping review. European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education, d13(10), 2112-2134. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13100149
  • Jones, S., Brown, J., & Aber, J. (2011). Two-year impacts of a universal school-based social-emotional and literacy intervention: an experiment in translational developmental research. Child Developmentd, 82(2), 533-554. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01560.x
  • Kewalramani, S., Palaiologou, I., Dardanou, M., Allen, K., & Phillipson, S. (2021). Using robotic toys in early childhood education to support children’s social and emotional competencies. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 46(4), 355-369. https://doi.org/10.1177/18369391211056668
  • Köşker, N. (2019). Pre-school children’s perceptions of nature. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1), 294-308. https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2019.19.43815-443217
  • Kulak, S. and Stein, R. (2016). Toy age-labeling: an overview for pediatricians of how toys receive their age safety and developmental designations. Pediatrics, 138(1). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-1803 Kun, S. (2024). Physical fitness combined toy for children. WIPO-Patent Scope. CN209270822.
  • Landrigan, P., vd. (2004). Children's health and the environment: public health issues and challenges for risk assessment. Environmental Health Perspectives, 112(2), 257-265. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6115
  • Lukman, R., vd. (2021). Sustainability assessment with integrated circular economy principles: a toy case study. Sustainability, 13(7), 3856. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073856
  • Mingkai, Z. (2024). Mathematics teaching appliance splicing method. WIPO-Patent Scope. CN117912337.
  • Nichols, S., vd. (2010). Toddlers’ understanding of peers’ emotions. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 171(1), 35-53. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221320903300346
  • Orlando, J., vd. (2023). Information available to parents seeking education about infant play, milestones, and development from popular sources. Behavioral Sciences, 13(5), 429. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13050429
  • Sastry, J., vd. (2021). The effect of the indoor environment on wheeze- and sleep-related symptoms in young indian children. Lung India, 38(4), 307-313. https://doi.org/10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_120_20
  • Schulz, L. and Bonawitz, E. (2007). Serious fun: preschoolers engage in more exploratory play when evidence is confounded. Developmental Psychology, 43(4), 1045-1050. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.4.1045
  • Trawick-Smith, J., vd. (2011). Measuring the effects of toys on the problem-solving, creative and social behaviours of preschool children. Early Child Development and Care, 181(7), 909-927. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2010.503892
  • Tu, J., vd. (2022). Analyzing decision-making factors of green design for kid’s toys based on the concept of product lifecycle. Processes, 10(8), 1523. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10081523
  • Wangping, C., vd. (2024). Children intelligence-promoting wooden pinyin combination board toy. WIPO-Patent Scope. Faydalı Model Sicili Tescil Numarası. CN220632991.
  • Yaochun, M. (2021). Çocuklar için Dezenfekte Etmeye Uygun Ahşap Oyuncak. EP-Espacenet. Faydalı Model Sicili Tescil Numarası. CN212998371U.
  • Ziqiu, W. & Yi, W. (2024). Educational learning toy convenient for exercising audiovisual touch sense of infant. WIPO-Patent Scope. CN220632975.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Güzel Sanatlar
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Deniz Ekmekçioğlu 0000-0003-2772-5784

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Kasım 2024
Kabul Tarihi 14 Ocak 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 5

Kaynak Göster

APA Ekmekçioğlu, D. (2025). SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK VE ÇOCUK GELİŞİMİ PERSPEKTİFİNDEN OYUNCAK TASARIMI: AHŞAP OYUNCAK ÖRNEĞİ ÜZERİNDEN TEORİK ÇERÇEVE VE ÜRÜN ANALİZİ. Baçini Sanat Dergisi, 3(5), 67-93.