A Comparative Study of PM Synchronous Generator for Micro Hydropower Plants

Öz

Developing technology and growing population are increasing the need of countries for energy every passing day. Renewable energy resources, which are an environmentally friendly and local solution alternative to fossil fuels, are seen to be a significant source of supply in this matter. Among renewable energy resources, hydroelectric energy is in an advantageous position with its reliable potential and sustainable production. With the purpose of utilizing small flowing waters such as rivers and streams and solving problems of access to interconnected grids in rural areas, micro-type hydroelectric power plants have a significant potential for countries. This study carried out the design and performance analyses of permanent magnet synchronous generators with different numbers of poles for micro hydroelectric power plants. The generators’ flux density values and total voltage harmonic distortions were examined. Additionally, the cogging torque magnitudes have been analyzed. The generators were loaded with nominal loads, and the time-dependent waveforms of phase voltages were obtained. By subjecting the obtained voltages to Fourier analysis, their harmonic spectrum was created. Finally, by considering the amount of active material used for the designs, their costs were compared.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Finite element analysis
• Micro hydropower plant
• Synchronous generator

Kaynakça

1. [1] Electricity Generation Sector Report, Electricity Generation Corp., Ankara, Turkey, Tech. Rep. Jan. 2011.
2. [2] İ. Yavuz, H. Özbay, “Installation and Maintenance Processes in Wind Turbines: The Case of Bandırma.” Journal of Engineering Sciences and Researches, vol. 2, 2, 2020, pp. 58-68.
3. [3] J.A. Laghari, H, Mokhlis, A. H. A. Bakar, H. Mohammad, “A comprehensive overview of new designs in the hydraulic, electrical equipments and controllers of mini hydro power plants making it cost effective technology.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 20, 2013, pp. 279-293.
4. [4] C.P. Jawahar, P.A. Michael, “A review on turbines for micro hydro power plant.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 72, 2017, pp. 882-887.
5. [5] B.A. Nasir, “Design of micro-hydro-electric power station.” International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration, vol. 2, 5, 2013, pp. 39-47.
6. [6] S. Lajqi, N. Lajqi, B. Hamidi, “Design and construction of mini hydropower plant with propeller turbine.” International Journal of Contemporary ENERGY, vol. 2, 1, 2016, pp. 1-13.
7. [7] A.T. Cordoba, D.G. Reina, P.M. Gata, “An evolutionary computational approach for designing micro hydro power plants.” Energies, vol. 12, 5, 2019, pp. 1-25.
8. [8] M.M. Rahman, P. Chowdhury, M. N. Rahman, S. T. Mowri, M.A. Mamun, “Portable micro hydro electrical generator.” IOSR Journal of Electric and Electronics Eng, vol. 6, 3, 2011, pp. 39-43.

9. [9] L. Belhadji, S. Bacha, D. Roye, “Modeling and control of variable-speed micro-hydropower plant based on axial-flow turbine and permanent magnet synchronous generator (MHPP-PMSG).” 7th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Melbourne, Australia, 2011, pp. 896-901.
10. [10] J Awad, H. Wadi, M., E., Hamdi, “A self-excited synchronous generator for small hydro applications.” International Conference Energy, Environmental, Ecosystems, and Sustainable Development, 2005, pp. 1-5.
11. [11] S. Zeb, M. Ali, A. Mujeeb, H. Ullah, “Cost efficient mini hydro plant with low water head whirlpool design methodology for rural areas (micro hydro whirlpool power plant).” 2nd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies, Pakistan, 2019, pp. 1-7.
12. [12] T.C. Yan, T. Ibrahim, N.M. Nor, “Micro hydro generator applied on domestic pipeline.” International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Indonesia, 2011, pp. 1-6.
13. [13] B. A. Nasir, “Suitable selection of components for the micro-hydro-electric power plant.” Advances in Energy and Power, vol. 2, 1, 2014, pp. 7-12.
14. [14] B. Guo, S. Bacha, M. Alamir, A. Mohamed, “Variable speed micro-hydro power generation system: review and experimental results.” 3ème édition du Symposium de Génie Electrique, Nancy, France, 2018.
15. [15] W. Ali, H. Farooq, A. U. Rehman, M. Jamil, Q. Awais, A. Mohsin, “Grid interconnection of micro hydro power plants: major requirements, key issues and challenges.” International Symposium on Recent Advances in Electrical Engineering (RAEE), Islamabad, 2018, pp. 1-6.
16. [16] Z. Goryca, S. Rozowicz, K. Dabala, Z. Krzemien, “Design and tests of generators for micro hydro plants.” International Symposium on Electrical Machines, Poland, 2017, pp. 1-4.
17. [17] B.O. Zala, V. Pugachov, “Methods to reduce cogging torque of permanent magnet synchronous generator used in wind power plants.” Elektronika Ir Elektrotechnika, vol. 23, 1, 2017, pp. 43-48.
18. [18] N. Öztürk, A. Dalcalı, E. Çelik, S. Sakar, “Cogging torque reduction by optimal design of PM synchronous generator for wind turbines.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 42, 28, 2017, pp. 17593-17600.
19. [19] Y. Tang, J.J.H. Paulides, E.A. Lomonova, “Winding topologies of flux-switching motors for in-wheel traction.” COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 34, 1, 2015, pp. 32-45.
20. [20] O. Lyan, V. Jankunas, E. Guseınoviene, A. Pasilis, A. Senulis, A. Knolis, E. Kurt, “Exploration of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator with Compensated Reactance Windings in Parallel Rod Configuration.” Journal of Electronic Materials, vol. 47, 8, 2018, pp. 4437-4443.
21. [21] A. Dalcalı, “Cogging torque analysis in permanent magnet synchronous generators using finite elements analysis”, International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol. 30, 10, 2020.
22. [22] Y. Duan, “Method for design and optimization of surface mount permanent magnet machines and induction machines.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Comp. Eng., Georgia Institute of Tech., USA, 2010.
23. [23] A. Dalcalı, M. Akbaba, “Optimum pole arc offset in permanent magnet synchronous generators for obtaining least voltage harmonics.” Scientia Iranica, vol.24, 6, 2017, pp. 3223-3230.
24. [24] S.L. Ho, W.N. Fu, “Review and future application of finite element methods in induction motors.” Electric Machines & Power Systems, vol. 26, 2, 1998, pp. 111–125.
25. [25] A. Alaeddini, H. Tahanian, A. Darabi, “Impact of Number of Phases on Electromagnetic Torque Characteristics of Transverse Flux Permanent Magnet Machines.” Advanced Electromagnetics, vol. 8, 4, 2019, pp. 118-129.
26. [26] M. Akbaba, S.Q. Fakhro, “Field distribution and iron loss calculation in the reluctance augmented shaded pole motors using finite element method.” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 7, 2, 1992, pp. 302–307.
27. [27] C. Kocatepe, M. Uzunoğlu, R. Yumurtacı, A. Karakas, O. Arıkan, Harmonics in Electrical Installations, Istanbul, Turkey: Birsen Publication, 2003. (In Turkish).
28. [28] S.B. Efe, “Harmonic filter application for an industrial installation.” 13th International Conference on Engineering of Modern Electric Systems (EMES), Romania, 2015, pp. 31–34.
29. [29] L. Petkovska, P. Lefley, G.V. Cvetkovski, “Design techniques for cogging torque reduction in a fractional-slot PMBLDC motor.” COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, 2020
30. [30] S. Leitner, H. Gruebler, A. Muetze, “Cogging Torque Minimization and Performance of the Sub-Fractional HP BLDC Claw-Pole Motor.” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 55, 5, 2019, pp. 4653-4664.