Sosyo-Ekonomik Reformlar için Epistemolojik Bir Çerçeve Olarak Maqāsidü’ş-Şeri‘a”

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 2 - 15, 24.12.2025

Hossam El-din Ibrahim Mohamed , Saheed Busari

https://doi.org/10.65662/balagh.1780457

Öz

Günümüz sosyo-ekonomik reformları büyük ölçüde maddi büyümeyi, yapısal verimliliği ve piyasa rekabetçiliğini önceleyen seküler paradigmalar tarafından şekillendirilmektedir. Bu yaklaşımlar ölçülebilir ilerlemeler kaydetmiş olsa da, çoğu zaman insan gelişiminin etik, manevi ve bütüncül boyutlarını ihmal etmektedir. Bu dengesizlik, özellikle Müslüman toplumlarda, kalıcı yoksulluğa, artan eşitsizliğe ve kırılgan kalkınma sonuçlarına yol açmıştır. Bu eksiklikleri gidermek için, bu çalışma sosyo-ekonomik reformları yönlendirmek üzere Şeriatın maksatlarını (Maqāsidü’ş-Şeri‘a) epistemolojik bir çerçeve (MSEF) olarak öne çıkarmaktadır. Çalışmanın temel amacı, Şeriatın yüksek amaçlarının daha adil, kapsayıcı ve sürdürülebilir bir kalkınma için nasıl normatif ve pratik bir yön sağlayabileceğini eleştirel biçimde incelemektir. Metodolojik olarak araştırma, klasik fıkıh metinlerine, çağdaş akademik çalışmalara ve politika belgelerine dayanarak güçlü ve zayıf yönleri, fırsatları ve tehditleri değerlendirmek üzere SWOT analizi yöntemini benimsemektedir. Bulgular, Maqāsid’in bütüncül ve değer temelli bir vizyon gibi önemli güçlü yönler sunduğunu, ancak uygulamaya dönüştürme zorlukları ve farklı yorumlar gibi zayıf yönlerle de karşı karşıya olduğunu göstermektedir. Aynı zamanda, etik kalkınma modellerine yönelik artan küresel ilgi uygulama için fırsatlar sunarken, siyasi ve kurumsal engeller ciddi tehditler oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın önemi, Maqāsidü’ş-Şeri‘a’yı yalnızca İslamî bir etik çerçeve olarak değil, aynı zamanda dengeli sosyo-ekonomik dönüşüm için küresel ölçekte geçerli bir paradigma olarak yeniden tanımlamasında yatmaktadır. Makale, politika yapıcıların, akademisyenlerin ve uygulayıcıların kalkınmanın hem maddi olarak ilerlemeci hem de etik açıdan köklü olmasını sağlamak için Maqāsid ilkelerini stratejik olarak reform süreçlerine entegre etmelerini önermektedir. Böylece çağdaş küresel sorunlarla mücadelede direnci, adaleti ve insan onurunu güçlendirmek mümkün olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Maqāsidü’ş-Şeri‘a , sosyo-ekonomik reformlar , epistemoloji , İslâm ekonomisi , adalet , sürdürülebilirlik

مقاصد الشريعة كإطار إبستمولوجي للإصلاحات الاجتماعية والاقتصادية

Öz

الإصلاحاتُ الاجتماعيةُ والاقتصاديةُ المعاصرةُ تتشكّل إلى حدٍّ كبير في إطار نماذج علمانية تُعطي الأولوية للنمو المادي، والكفاءة الهيكلية، والقدرة التنافسية في السوق. ورغم أنّ هذه المقاربات قد حققت تقدّمًا ملموسًا، فإنها كثيرًا ما تُهمل الأبعاد الأخلاقية والروحية والشمولية للتنمية الإنسانية. وقد أسهم هذا الخلل في استمرار الفقر، واتساع فجوة عدم المساواة، وهشاشة نتائج التنمية، ولا سيما في المجتمعات المسلمة. ولمعالجة هذه النواقص، يتبنّى هذا البحث مقاصد الشريعة إطارًا إبستمولوجيًا (MSEF) لتوجيه الإصلاحات الاجتماعية والاقتصادية. يتمثل الهدف الرئيس في دراسة نقدية لكيفية إسهام المقاصد العليا للشريعة في توفير توجيه معياري وعملي نحو تنمية أكثر عدلًا، وشمولًا، واستدامة. ومنهجيًا، اعتمد البحث على تحليل SWOT، مستندًا إلى النصوص الفقهية الكلاسيكية، والدراسات المعاصرة، والوثائق السياساتية لتقويم نقاط القوة والضعف، والفرص والتهديدات المتصلة بتطبيق المقاصد في سياقات الإصلاح. وقد أظهرت النتائج أنّ المقاصد تتيح نقاط قوة أساسية مثل الرؤية الشمولية القائمة على القيم، غير أنها تواجه أيضًا نقاط ضعف تشمل صعوبات في التفعيل العملي وتعدد التأويلات. وفي الوقت نفسه، فإن تنامي الاهتمام العالمي بالنماذج التنموية الأخلاقية يوفر فرصًا للتطبيق، على الرغم من أنّ العوائق السياسية والمؤسساتية تشكل تهديدات جدّية. وتكمن أهمية هذه الدراسة في إعادة صياغة مقاصد الشريعة باعتبارها ليست مجرد إطار أخلاقي إسلامي، بل أيضًا نموذجًا ذا صلة عالمية لتحقيق تحوّل اجتماعي واقتصادي متوازن. ويوصي البحث بأن يعمل صانعو السياسات والباحثون والممارسون على دمج مبادئ المقاصد بصورة استراتيجية في خط الإصلاح، لضمان أن تكون التنمية مادية متقدمة وأخلاقية راسخة في الوقت ذاته، بما يعزز القدرة على الصمود، وترسيخ العدالة، وصون كرامة الإنسان في مواجهة التحديات العالمية المعاصرة.

Anahtar Kelimeler

مقاصد الشريعة , الإصلاحات الاجتماعية والاقتصادية , الإبستمولوجيا، , الاقتصاد الإسلامي , العدالة، الاستدامة

Maqasid al-Shariah as an Epistemological Framework for Socio-Economic Reforms

Öz

Contemporary socio-economic reforms are largely shaped by secular paradigms that prioritize material growth, structural efficiency, and market competitiveness. While these approaches have achieved measurable progress, they frequently neglect the ethical, spiritual, and holistic dimensions of human development. This imbalance has contributed to persistent poverty, widening inequality, and fragile development outcomes, particularly in Muslim societies. To address these shortcomings, this study advances Maqasid al-Shariah as an epistemological framework (MSEF) for guiding socio-economic reforms. The central aim is to critically examine how the higher objectives of Shariah can provide normative and practical direction for more just, inclusive, and sustainable development. Methodologically, the research adopts a SWOT analysis, drawing on classical juristic texts, contemporary scholarship, and policy documents to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of applying Maqasid in reform contexts. The findings indicate that Maqasid offers significant strengths, such as a holistic and value-based vision, but also faces weaknesses, including challenges of operationalization and diverse interpretations. At the same time, growing global interest in ethical development models provides opportunities for application, though political and institutional barriers pose serious threats. The significance of this study lies in reframing Maqasid al-Shariah not only as an Islamic ethical framework but also as a globally relevant paradigm for balanced socio-economic transformation. The paper recommends that policymakers, scholars, and practitioners strategically integrate Maqasid principles into reform strategies to ensure that development is both materially progressive and ethically grounded, thereby enhancing resilience, equity, and human dignity in addressing contemporary global challenges.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Maqasid al-Shariah , socio-economic reforms , epistemology , Islamic economics , justice , sustainability

Teşekkür

Acknowledgement: The authors sincerely appreciate the support of the Centre for Islamic Social Finance, UK, and the Research Management Centre (RMC), IIUM. Their assistance and facilitation under project SPI25-278-0278 were instrumental to the successful completion of this research.

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