RUH VE ALGORITMA: YAPAY ZEKÂYA İSLAMI BIR ELEŞTIRI

Öz

Bu makale, yapay zekâ (YZ) gelişiminin, insan doğasının felsefi, etik, metafizik ve manevi boyutlardaki dikkate değer kapasitelerini ve temel sınırlılıklarını yansıtan benzeri görülmemiş bir ayna işlevi gördüğünü ileri sürmektedir. Çalışma, İslam metafiziği, klasik felsefe ve çağdaş YZ araştırmalarından yararlanarak, nihai "uyum sorunu"nun makine davranışını insani değerlerle değil, insanın teknolojik gelişimini hikmet, tevazu ve ilahi maksadın uygun şekilde tanınmasıyla uyumlu hale getirmekte yattığını ortaya koymaktadır. İslami perspektife göre bilinç (rūḥ), maddi karmaşıklıktan ziyade ilahi bir bahşedilişe dayandığı için, hesaplamalı simülasyonu aşmaktadır. Sunulan sentez, tutarlı bir örüntüyü göstermektedir: İnsanın idrak ve yaratılış kapasitesi, aynı zamanda indirgemecilik, ahlaki sorumluluğu başkasına atma ve manevi karmaşa eğilimleriyle yan yanadır. YZ, insanlığın yerini alan bir varlık değil, onun en derin öğretmeni olarak, benzeri görülmemiş teknolojik gücün gerçekten faydalı sonuçlara yönlendirilmesi için manevi ve ahlaki reformasyonun gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yapay Zekâ
• İslam Metafiziği
• Bilinç
• Ruh (Rūḥ)
• Ahlaki Failiyet
• YZ Etiği
• İnsan Onuru

The Rūḥ and Algorithm: An Islamic Critique of Artificial Intelligence

Öz

Research Problem: The development of artificial intelligence (AI) functions as an unprecedented mirror, reflecting remarkable capacities yet fundamental limitations of human nature across philosophical, ethical, metaphysical, and spiritual dimensions. Method: Adopting a critical correlation methodology, the study conducts a systematic textual analysis of primary Qur’ānic and classical Islamic philosophical sources—principally al-Ghazālī’s Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn, Ibn Sīnā’s al-Shifāʾ, and al-Māturīdī’s Kitāb al-Tawḥīd—in dialogue with contemporary AI research, including recent debates on machine consciousness (Butlin et al. 2023; Chalmers 2023) and AI ethics (Russell 2019; Floridi 2023). It argues that the ultimate “alignment problem” lies not in aligning machine behavior with human values, but in aligning human technological development with wisdom, humility, and a proper understanding of humanity’s ultimate purpose. From the Islamic perspective, consciousness (rūḥ) transcends computational simulation, as it is rooted in divine endowment rather than material complexity. Results: The human being possesses genuine capacities for insight and progress, yet remains persistently inclined toward reductionism, moral displacement, and spiritual confusion. Conclusion: AI does not emerge as a replacement for humanity but as its most profound teacher. Genuine benefit ultimately depends upon spiritual and moral reformation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Artificial Intelligence
• Islamic Metaphysics
• Consciousness
• Soul (Rūḥ)
• Moral Agency
• AI Ethics
• Human Dignity.

الرُّوح والخوارزمية: نقد إسلامي للذكاء الاصطناعي

Öz

تُجادل هذه المقالة بأن تطوير الذكاء الاصطناعي يعمل كمرآة غير مسبوقة، تعكس كلًّا من القدرات الملحوظة والقيود الأساسية للطبيعة البشرية عبر الأبعاد الفلسفية والأخلاقية والميتافيزيقية والروحية. بالاستناد إلى الميتافيزيقا الإسلامية، والفلسفة الكلاسيكية، وأبحاث الذكاء الاصطناعي المعاصرة، تثبت الدراسة أن "مشكلة المحاذاة" النهائية لا تكمن في محاذاة سلوك الآلة مع القيم البشرية، بل في محاذاة التطور التكنولوجي البشري مع الحكمة والتواضع والاعتراف المناسب بالغاية الإلهية. فمن المنظور الإسلامي، يتجاوز الوعي (الرُّوح) المحاكاة الحسابية، لكونه راسخًا في منحة إلهية وليس في التعقيد المادي. يُظهر التركيب نمطًا متسقًا: قدرة الإنسان الحقيقية على البصرة والإبداع مقترنةً بنزعات مستمرة نحو الاختزالية، والإحلال الأخلاقي، والالتباس الروحي. لا يخدم الذكاء الاصطناعي كبديل للبشرية، بل كمعلمها الأعمق، كاشفًا عن ضرورة الإصلاح الروحي والأخلاقي لتوجيه القوة التكنولوجية غير المسبوقة نحو غايات مفيدة حقًّا

Anahtar Kelimeler

• الذكاء الاصطناعي
• الميتافيزيقا الإسلامية
• الوعي
• الروح (الرُّوح)
• الفاعلية الأخلاقية
• أخلاقيات الذكاء الاصطناعي
• الكرامة الإنسانية

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