Investigation of the Effect of Endemic Astragalus microcephalus Wild Plant Extract on Experimental Wound in Rats

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of endemic Astragalus microcephalus wild (AST) plant extract on experimental wounds in rats. Materials and Methods: Astragalus microcephalus wild (AST) extract samples was turned into 2.5% and 5% AST ointment using lanolin. Again, 2.5% and 5% pomades were created using commercial dexpanthenol (Dex) (dexpanthenol 500 mg/2ml, Bepanthen®). There were 4 animals in each group in the study. For 15 days, ointment was applied to all animals except the control group once a day. Wound sizes were measured on the 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th and 15th days of the study. At the end of the 15th day, the wound areas were removed for histopathological examination by decapitation. Results: It was determined that there were significant differences (p <0.05) between the groups in terms of epithelialization formation, Mononuclear cell infiltration and granulation tissue. It was determined that epithelial formation continued, and keratinization increased to moderate levels in AST 2.5% and AST 5 groups. Mn cell infiltrations were seen to be alleviated in the Ast 5% group. Granulation tissue formation was found to be moderate with increased maturation in Dex 5%, AST 2.5% and AST 5% groups. Conclusion: It has been observed that 2.5% and 5% pomades prepared to determine the effects of Astragalus microcephalus wild extract on wound healing provide rapid wound healing.

Keywords

• Astragalus
• wound
• rat

Endemik Astragalus microcephalus Wild Bitkisi Ekstraktının Ratlarda Deneysel Oluşturulan Yara Üzerine Etkisinin Araştırılması

Abstract

ÖZ Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı endemik Astragalus microcephalus wild (AST) bitkisi ekstraktının ratlarda deneysel oluşturulan yara üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Astragalus microcephalus. wild (AST) örneklerinden elde edilen ekstrakt, lanolin kullanılarak %2.5 ve %5’lik AST pomadı haline getirildi. Yine, ticari dekspantenol (Deks) (dekspantenol 500 mg/2ml, Bepanthen®) kullanılarak %2.5 ve %5’lik pomadlar oluşturuldu. Çalışmada her grupta 4 hayvan yer aldı.15 gün boyunca kontrol grubu hariç tüm hayvanlara pomad uygulaması günde bir kez yapıldı. Çalışmanın 3., 6., 9., 12. ve 15. günlerinde yara boyutları ölçüldü. 15. Günün sonunda dekapite edilerek yara bölgeleri histopatolojik inceleme için alındı. Bulgular: Epitelizasyon şekillenmesi, Mononükleer hücre infiltrasyonu ve granülasyon dokusu açısından gruplar arasında önemli farklılıklar (p <0.05) olduğu belirlendi. AST %2.5 ve AST 5 gruplarında ise epitel oluşumunun devam ettiği ve keratinleşmenin orta düzeylere yükseldiği belirlendi. Mn hücre infiltrasyonlarının Ast %5 grubunda hafiflediği görüldü. Granulasyon doku oluşumunun Dex %5, AST %2.5 ve AST %5 gruplarında olgunlaşmanın artmasıyla orta seviyede olduğu tespit edildi. Sonuç: Astragalus microcephalus wild ekstraktının yara iyileşmesi üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla hazırlanan %2.5 ve % 5’lik pomatlarının yara iyileşmesini hızlı bir şekilde sağladığı görülmüştür.

Keywords

• Astragalus
• yara
• rat

References

1. Auyeung, K. K., Cho, C. H., & Ko, J. K. (2009). A novel anticancer effect of Astragalus saponins transcriptional activation of NSAID‐activated gene. International Journal of Cancer, 125(5), 1082-1091.
2. Aydın, O.E., Tan, O., Çinal, H. et al. (2015). Experimental wound models. Turkiye Klinikleri J Plast Surg-Special Topics; 4(1):5-11.
3. Ayla, Ş., Günal, M. Y., Sayın Şakul, A. A., Biçeroğlu, Ö., Özdemir, E. M., Okur, M. E.,& Bilgiç, B. E. (2017). Effects of Prunus spinosa L. fruits on experimental wound healing. Medeni Med J, 32(3), 152-158.
4. Block, K. I., & Mead, M. N. (2003). Immune system effects of echinacea, ginseng, and astragalus: a review. Integrative CancerTherapies, 2(3), 247-267.
5. Dorsett‐Martin, W.A. (2004). Rat models of skin wound healing: a review. Wound Repair Regen, 12(6), 591-599.
6. Flanagan, M. (2003). Wound measurement: can it help us to monitor progression to healing? J Wound Care, 12(5), 189-194.
7. Fu, J., Wang, Z., Huang, L., Zheng, S., Wang, D., Chen, S., & Yang, S. (2014). Review of the botanical characteristics, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi). Phytotherapy Research, 28(9), 1275-1283.
8. Graziani, V., Scognamiglio, M., Esposito, A., Fiorentino, A., & D’Abrosca, B. (2019). Chemical diversity and biological activities of the saponins isolated from Astragalus genus: focus on Astragaloside IV. Phytochemistry Reviews, 18(4), 1133-1166.

9. Hensley, K., Robinson, K.A., Gabbita, S.P, et al. (2000). Reactive oxygen species, cell signaling, and cell injury. Free Radic Biol Med, 28,1456-1462
10. Huang, W. M., Liang, Y. Q., Tang, L. J., Ding, Y., & Wang, X. H. (2013). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Astragalus polysaccharide on EA. hy926 cells. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 6(1), 199-203.
11. Kara, H., Şahin, M., Güngör, H., Kumru A.S., Yılmaz, G., Karayiğit M.Ö. (2020) . Sıçanlarda deneysel oluşturulan yara modelinde Morus Alba ekstraktının etkinliğinin belirlenmesi. Turkish Veterinary Journal, 2(2), 67-73
12. Kaya,S. (2008). Tıbbi Botanik ve Tıbbi Bitkiler. Medisan Yayınevi. Ankara.
13. Lu, Y., Xing, Q. Q., Xu, J. Y., Ding, D., & Zhao, X. (2016). Astragalus polysaccharide modulates ER stress response in an OVA-LPS induced murine model of severe asthma. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 93, 995-1006.
14. Özkorkmaz, E.G., Özay Y. (2009). Yara İyileşmesi ve Yara İyileşmesinde Kullanılan Bazı Bitkiler. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi, 2, 63-67.
15. Pu, X., Fan, W., Yu, S., Li, Y., Ma, X., Liu, L.,& Zhang, W. (2015). Polysaccharides from Angelica and Astragalus exert hepatoprotective effects against carbon-tetrachloride-induced intoxication in mice. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 93(1), 39-43.
16. Rios, J. L., & Waterman, P. G. (1997). A review of the pharmacology and toxicology of Astragalus. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Medical and Scientific Research on Plants and Plant Products, 11(6), 411-418.
17. Shahrajabian, M. H., Sun, W., & Cheng, Q. (2020). A Short Review of Goji Berry, Ginger, Ginseng and Astragalus in Traditional Chinese and Asian Medicine. Black Sea Journal of Health Science, 3(2), 36-45
18. Shao, B. M., Xu, W., Dai, H., Tu, P., Li, Z., & Gao, X. M. (2004). A study on the immune receptors for polysaccharides from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus, a Chinese medicinal herb. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 320(4), 1103-1111.
19. Tin, M. M., Cho, C. H., Chan, K., James, A. E., & Ko, J. K. (2007). Astragalus saponins induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in human colon cancer cells and tumor xenograft. Carcinogenesis, 28(6), 1347-1355.
20. Uyar, A., Akyol, T., Yaman, T., & Keleş, Ö.F. (2017). A Histopathological and biochemical investigation of the wound healing and oxidative stress effect on the wound model of the Achillea millefolium in rats. Van Vet J, 28(3), 157-163
21. Verotta, L., & El-Sebakhy, N. A. (2001). Cycloartane and oleanane saponins from Astragalus sp. In Studies in Natural Products Chemistry 25, 179-234.
22. Yu, W., Zhao, H., Zong, X., Ji, X., Han, X., Wang, Y.,& Wang, S. (2018). The effects of radix Astragali water abstract on energy metabolism in rat Yang-Deficiency cold syndrome model through PPAR signaling pathway. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9194362
23. Zhang, L. J., Liu, H. K., Hsiao, P. C., Kuo, L. M. Y., Lee, I. J., Wu, T. S.,& Kuo, Y. H. (2011). New isoflavonoid glycosides and related constituents from astragali radix (Astragalus membranaceus) and their inhibitory activity on nitric oxide production. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 59(4), 1131-1137.
24. Zhang, X., Yao, K., Ren, L., Chen, T., & Yao, D. (2016). Protective effect of astragalus polysaccharide on endothelial progenitor cells injured by thrombin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 82, 711-718.
25. Zheng, Y., Ren, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Y., Liu, D., & Liu, Y. (2020). A Review of the Pharmacological Action of Astragalus Polysaccharide. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 11, 349.