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Kredi hacmindeki değişimlerin ekonomik büyümeye etkisi: Türkiye ekonomisi için sınır testi yaklaşımı

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 84, 54 - 71, 01.01.2013

Mehmet Mercan

Öz

Bu çalışmada, toplam yurtiçi kredi hacminin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi 1992-2011 dönemi üç aylık verileri kullanılarak Türkiye ekonomisi için araştırılmıştır. Sınır Testi yaklaşımıyla yapılan çalışmadan elde edilen ampirik kanıtlara göre, değişkenler arasında eş-bütünleşmenin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre, uzun dönem analizinde kredi hacminin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi teorik beklentilerle uyumlu bir şekilde pozitif ve istatistiki olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Kısa dönem analizinde ise hata düzeltme teriminin katsayısı istatistiki açıdan anlamlı ve negatif bulunmuştur. Dolayısıyla değişkenler arasında ortaya çıkan sapmalar uzun dönem denge düzeyine yakınsamaktadır. Nedensellik testinde kredi hacmi ve ekonomik büyüme arasında çift yönlü ilişki tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

Kaynakça

  • Ağır, H., Peker, O. ve Kar, M. (2009). Finansal Gelişmenin Belirleyicileri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme: Literatür Taraması. BDDK Bankacılık ve Finansal Piyasalar, 3(2)
  • Altunç, Ö. F. (2008). Türkiye’de Finansal Gelişme ve İktisadi Büyüme Arasındaki Nedenselliğin Ampirik Bir Analizi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 3(2): 113-127
  • Ang, J. B. (2007). Are Financial Sector Policies Effective in Deepening the Malaysian Financial System?. Monash University, Discussion Paper, 02/07
  • Arestis, P. vd. (2001). Financial Development and Economic Growth: The Role of Stock Markets
  • Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 33(1): 16---41
  • Aslan, Ö. ve Küçükaksoy, İ. (2006). Finansal Gelişme ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Ekonomisi Üzerine Ekonometrik Bir Uygulama. İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Ekonometri ve İstatistik Dergisi, 4: 12-28
  • Atje, R. and Jovanovic, B. (1993). Stock Markets and Development. European Economic Review, 37(2-3): 635---637
  • Bagehot, W. (1873). Lombart Street: A Description of the Money Market. New York: E. P. Dutton and Company, Reprint 1920
  • Bahmani-Oskooee, M. and Chomsisengphet, S. ( 2002). Stability of M2 demand functions in industrial countries. Applied Economics, 34: 2075-2083
  • Brown, R. L., Durbın,J. and Evans J. M. (1975). Techniques For Testing The Constancy of Regression Relations Overtime. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 37(13): 149-163
  • Calderon, C. and Liu, L. (2003). The Direction Causality Between Financial Development Economic Growth. Journal of Development Economics, 72(1): 321-334
  • Ceylan, S. ve Durkaya, M. (2010). Türkiye’de Kredi Kullanımı - Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 24(2): 21-33
  • Christopoulos, D. K. and Tsionas, E. G. (2004). Financial Development and Economic Growth: Evidence From Panel Unit Root and Cointegration Tests. Journal of Development Economics,73(1): 55---74
  • Deidda, L. G. (2006). Interaction Between Economic and Financial Development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 53: 233-248
  • Demirgüç-Kunt, A. and Maksimovic, V. (1998). Law, Finance and Firm Growth. Journal of Finance, 53(6): 2107---2137
  • Demetriades, P. and Luintel, K. (1996). Financial Development, Economic Growth and Banking Sector Controls. Evidence from India. Economic Journal, 106: 359---374
  • Dıckey, D. and Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the Estimates for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74: 427-431
  • Enders, W. (1995). Applied Econometric Time Series. 1 st edition, Wiley, New York
  • Enders, W. (1996). Rats Handbook for Econometric Time Series. John Willey and Song Inc
  • Engle, R. and Granger, C. W. J. (1987). Co-Integration and Error Correction: Represention, Estimation and Testing. Econometrica, 55(2): 251-276
  • Enisan, A. A. and Olufisayo, A. O. (2009). Stock Market Development and Economic Growth:Evidence from Seven Sub-Saharan African Countries. Journal of Economics and Business, 61(2): March- April, 162-171
  • Goldsmith, R.W. (1969). Financial Structure and Economic Development. New Haven: Yale University Press
  • Granger, C.W.J. (1969). Investigating Causal Relation By Econometric and Cross-Sectional Method
  • Econometrica, 37, 424-438
  • Granger, C. W. J. and Newbold, P. (1974). Spurious Regressions in Econometrics. Journal of Econometrics, 2 (2): 111-120
  • Gujarati, D. N. (1999). Temel Ekonometri, (Çev. Ü. Şenesen ve G. G. Şenesen). İstanbul: Literatür Yayınları
  • Gurley, J. G. and Shaw, E. S. (1955). Financial Aspects of Economic Development. American Economic Review, 45(4): 515-538
  • Gurley, J. G. and Shaw, E. S. (1967). Financial Structure and Economic Development. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 15(3): 257-268
  • Halıcıoğlu, F. (2007). Financial Development and Economic Growth Nexus For Turkey. MPRA Paper No:3566, (http://mpra.ub.unimuenchen.de/3566/, 10.06.2009)
  • Hermes, N. (1994). Financial Development and Economic Growth: A Survey of the Literature
  • Internationl Journal of Development Banking, 12(1):322
  • Johansen, S. and Juselıus, K. (1990). Maximum Likelihood Estimation And Inference on Cointegration with Application to the Demand for Money. Oxford Bulletin of Economic and Statistics, (52): 169- 210
  • Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamic and Control, (12): 231-254
  • Johnston, J. and Dinardo, J. (1997). Econometric Methods. Newyork: 4th Edition McGraw -Hill
  • Kandır, S., İskenderoğlu, Ö. ve Önal B. (2007). Finansal Gelişme ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin Araştırılması. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(2): 311-326
  • Kar, M. (2001). Finansal Kalkınma ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(2): 150169
  • Kar, M. ve Ağır, H. (2006). Menkul Kıymet Piyasaları, Finansal Kalkınma ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Türkiye Örneği. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 56: 131
  • Kar, M. and Pentecost, E. (2000). The Direction of Causality Between Financial Development and Economic Growth in Turkey: Further Evidence. Loughborough: Economic Research Paper, Department of Economics, Loughborough University, No: 00/27, s, 1-21
  • Kar, M. ve Taş, S. (2003). İktisadi Kalkınmada Para ve Sermayenin Yeri. (159-195). Kalkınma Ekonomisi Seçme Konular. Bursa: Ekin Kitabevi
  • Kamas, L. and Joyce, J. P. (1993). Money, Income and Prices Under Fixed Exchange Rates: Evidence from Causality Tests and VARs. Journal of Macroeconomics, 15(4): 747-768
  • King, R.G. and Levine, R. (1993). Finance and Growth: Schumpeter Might be Right. Economic Journal, 107: 771---782
  • King, R. G. and Levine, R. (1993a). Finance and Growth: Schumpeter Might Be Right. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108(3): 717-737
  • King, R. G. and Levine, R. (1993b). Finance, Entrepreneurship, and Growth: Theory and Evidence
  • Journal of Monetary Economics, 32(3): 513-542
  • Kirkpatrick, C. G .and Green,C. (2002). Finance and Development: An Overview of the Issues. Journal of International Development, 14(2): 207-209
  • Levine, R. (1997). Financial Development and Economic Growth: Views and Agenda. Journal of Economic Literature, 35: 688-726
  • Levine, R. and Zervos, S. (1998). Stock Markets, Banks, and Economic Growth. American Economic Review, 88: 537---558
  • Levine, R., Loayza, N. and Beck, T. (2000). Financial Intermediation and Growth: Causality and Causes. Journal of Monetary Economics, (46): 31---77
  • Levine, R. (2004). Finance and Growth: Theory and Evidence. NBER Working Paper Series Lewis, A. W. (1954). Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour. Manchester School of Economics and Social Studies, 22: 139-191
  • Lucas, R. (1988). On the Mechanics of Economic Development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22(1): 342
  • Mccaig, B. and Stengos, T. (2005). Financial Intermediation and Growth: Some Robustness Results
  • Economics Letters, 88(3): 306---312
  • McKinnon, R.I. (1973). Money and Capital in Economic Development. Washington, D.C.: The Brooking Institution
  • Mıhçı, S. (1999). Finansal Gelişme ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Endojen Büyüme Modelleri. İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 14(159)
  • Narayan, P. and Narayan, S. (2004). Estimating Income and Price Elasticities of Imports for Fiji in a Cointegration Framework. Economic Modelling, 22: 423-438
  • Narayan, P. and Smyth, R. (2006). What Determines Migration Flows from Low-Income to High Income Countries? An Empirical Investigation of Fiji-U.S. Migration 1972-2001. Contemporary Economic Policy, 24(2): 332-342
  • Nurkse, R. (1953). Problems of Capital Formation in Underdeveloped Countries, Oxford: Basil Blackwell
  • Öztürk, İ. (2008). Financial Development and Economic Growth: Evidence from Turkey. Applied Econometrics and International Development, 8(1): 85-98 Öztürkler, H. ve Çermikli, A. H. (2007). Türkiye’de Bir Parasal Aktarım Kanalı Olarak Banka Kredileri
  • Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, 44(514): 57-68
  • Pagano, M. (1993). Financial Markets and Growth, An Overview. European Economic Review, 37: 613-622
  • Patrick, H. T. (1966). Financial Development and Economic Growth in Underdeveloped Countries
  • Economic Development and Cultural Change, 14: 174-189
  • Pesaran, M., Shin, Y. and Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16: 289-326
  • Robinson, J. (1952). “The Generalization of the General Theory” içinde The Rate of Interest and Other Essays, 67142, London: Macmillan
  • Romer, P. M. (1986). Increasing Returns And Long Run Growth. Journal Of Political Economy, 94(5): 1002-1037
  • Roubini, N. and Salai Martin, X. (1992). Financial Repression and Economic Growth. Journal of Development Economics, 39(1): 530
  • Schumpeter, J. A. (1912). The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press
  • Shan, J.Z., A.G. Morris and Sun, F. (2001). Financial Development and Economic Growth: An Egg and Chicken Problem. Review of International Economics, 9(3): 443-454
  • Shan, J. Z. and Morris, A. (2002). Does Financial Development ‘Lead’ Economic Growth? International Review of Applied Economics, 16(2): 153---168 Shan, J. and Jianhong, Q. (2006). Does Financial Development Lead Economic Growth? The Case of China. Annals of Economics and Finance, 1: 231-250
  • Shaw, E. S. (1973). Financial Deepening in Economic Development, New York: Oxford University Press
  • Stiglitz, J. (1994). “The Role of The State in Financial Markets”, içinde M. Bruno ve B. Pleskoviç (editörler), Proceedings of The World Bank Conference on Development Economics, Washington D C.: World Bank
  • Taş,S. ve Kar, M. (2002). A Critical Survey of the Emprical Studies on Financial Liberalization in Turkey. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1): 39-63
  • Türkiye Bankalar Birliği (TBB), 27.01.2013 tarihinde Tüketici Kredileri-Eylül 2012.pdf, (2012), http://www.tbb.org.tr/tr/banka-ve-sektor-bilgileri/istatistiki-raporlar/eylul--2012---tuketici-kredileri-vekonut- kredileri-/1213 adresinden erişilmiştir
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası Elektronik Veri Dağıtım Sistemi, (2011), 14.11.2012 tarihinde (http://evds.tcmb.gov.tr) adresinden erişilmiştir
  • Ünalmış, D. (2002). The Causality Between Financial Development and Economic Growth: The Case of Turkey. CBRT Research Department, Working Paper No: 3, Ankara
  • www.milliyet.com.tr, 27.01.2013 tarihinde (http://ekonomi.milliyet.com.tr/kredi-buyumesi-15-i-asarsasikilastirma- gelir/ekonomi/ekonomidetay/25.01.2013/1660074/default.htm) adresinden erişilmiştir.

Kredi hacmindeki değişimlerin ekonomik büyümeye etkisi: Türkiye ekonomisi için sınır testi yaklaşımı

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 84, 54 - 71, 01.01.2013

Mehmet Mercan

Öz

In this study, the impact of the total volume of domestic credit on the economic growth was investigated for the economy of Turkey using data from the three-month period of 1992-2011. According to the empirical evidences obtained from the study made with the Bounds Testing Approach, it was found that there is co-integration between variables. Accordingly, the effect of the credit volume on the economic growth in the long term analysis was found positive and statistically significant in line with theoretical expectations. In its short term analysis, error correction term coefficient was found statistically significant and negative. Therefore, the deviations among the variables converge to the long-term equilibrium level. In the causality test, a two-way relationship has been identified between the credit volume and economic growth.

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

Kaynakça

  • Ağır, H., Peker, O. ve Kar, M. (2009). Finansal Gelişmenin Belirleyicileri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme: Literatür Taraması. BDDK Bankacılık ve Finansal Piyasalar, 3(2)
  • Altunç, Ö. F. (2008). Türkiye’de Finansal Gelişme ve İktisadi Büyüme Arasındaki Nedenselliğin Ampirik Bir Analizi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 3(2): 113-127
  • Ang, J. B. (2007). Are Financial Sector Policies Effective in Deepening the Malaysian Financial System?. Monash University, Discussion Paper, 02/07
  • Arestis, P. vd. (2001). Financial Development and Economic Growth: The Role of Stock Markets
  • Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 33(1): 16---41
  • Aslan, Ö. ve Küçükaksoy, İ. (2006). Finansal Gelişme ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Ekonomisi Üzerine Ekonometrik Bir Uygulama. İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Ekonometri ve İstatistik Dergisi, 4: 12-28
  • Atje, R. and Jovanovic, B. (1993). Stock Markets and Development. European Economic Review, 37(2-3): 635---637
  • Bagehot, W. (1873). Lombart Street: A Description of the Money Market. New York: E. P. Dutton and Company, Reprint 1920
  • Bahmani-Oskooee, M. and Chomsisengphet, S. ( 2002). Stability of M2 demand functions in industrial countries. Applied Economics, 34: 2075-2083
  • Brown, R. L., Durbın,J. and Evans J. M. (1975). Techniques For Testing The Constancy of Regression Relations Overtime. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 37(13): 149-163
  • Calderon, C. and Liu, L. (2003). The Direction Causality Between Financial Development Economic Growth. Journal of Development Economics, 72(1): 321-334
  • Ceylan, S. ve Durkaya, M. (2010). Türkiye’de Kredi Kullanımı - Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 24(2): 21-33
  • Christopoulos, D. K. and Tsionas, E. G. (2004). Financial Development and Economic Growth: Evidence From Panel Unit Root and Cointegration Tests. Journal of Development Economics,73(1): 55---74
  • Deidda, L. G. (2006). Interaction Between Economic and Financial Development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 53: 233-248
  • Demirgüç-Kunt, A. and Maksimovic, V. (1998). Law, Finance and Firm Growth. Journal of Finance, 53(6): 2107---2137
  • Demetriades, P. and Luintel, K. (1996). Financial Development, Economic Growth and Banking Sector Controls. Evidence from India. Economic Journal, 106: 359---374
  • Dıckey, D. and Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the Estimates for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74: 427-431
  • Enders, W. (1995). Applied Econometric Time Series. 1 st edition, Wiley, New York
  • Enders, W. (1996). Rats Handbook for Econometric Time Series. John Willey and Song Inc
  • Engle, R. and Granger, C. W. J. (1987). Co-Integration and Error Correction: Represention, Estimation and Testing. Econometrica, 55(2): 251-276
  • Enisan, A. A. and Olufisayo, A. O. (2009). Stock Market Development and Economic Growth:Evidence from Seven Sub-Saharan African Countries. Journal of Economics and Business, 61(2): March- April, 162-171
  • Goldsmith, R.W. (1969). Financial Structure and Economic Development. New Haven: Yale University Press
  • Granger, C.W.J. (1969). Investigating Causal Relation By Econometric and Cross-Sectional Method
  • Econometrica, 37, 424-438
  • Granger, C. W. J. and Newbold, P. (1974). Spurious Regressions in Econometrics. Journal of Econometrics, 2 (2): 111-120
  • Gujarati, D. N. (1999). Temel Ekonometri, (Çev. Ü. Şenesen ve G. G. Şenesen). İstanbul: Literatür Yayınları
  • Gurley, J. G. and Shaw, E. S. (1955). Financial Aspects of Economic Development. American Economic Review, 45(4): 515-538
  • Gurley, J. G. and Shaw, E. S. (1967). Financial Structure and Economic Development. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 15(3): 257-268
  • Halıcıoğlu, F. (2007). Financial Development and Economic Growth Nexus For Turkey. MPRA Paper No:3566, (http://mpra.ub.unimuenchen.de/3566/, 10.06.2009)
  • Hermes, N. (1994). Financial Development and Economic Growth: A Survey of the Literature
  • Internationl Journal of Development Banking, 12(1):322
  • Johansen, S. and Juselıus, K. (1990). Maximum Likelihood Estimation And Inference on Cointegration with Application to the Demand for Money. Oxford Bulletin of Economic and Statistics, (52): 169- 210
  • Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamic and Control, (12): 231-254
  • Johnston, J. and Dinardo, J. (1997). Econometric Methods. Newyork: 4th Edition McGraw -Hill
  • Kandır, S., İskenderoğlu, Ö. ve Önal B. (2007). Finansal Gelişme ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin Araştırılması. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(2): 311-326
  • Kar, M. (2001). Finansal Kalkınma ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(2): 150169
  • Kar, M. ve Ağır, H. (2006). Menkul Kıymet Piyasaları, Finansal Kalkınma ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Türkiye Örneği. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 56: 131
  • Kar, M. and Pentecost, E. (2000). The Direction of Causality Between Financial Development and Economic Growth in Turkey: Further Evidence. Loughborough: Economic Research Paper, Department of Economics, Loughborough University, No: 00/27, s, 1-21
  • Kar, M. ve Taş, S. (2003). İktisadi Kalkınmada Para ve Sermayenin Yeri. (159-195). Kalkınma Ekonomisi Seçme Konular. Bursa: Ekin Kitabevi
  • Kamas, L. and Joyce, J. P. (1993). Money, Income and Prices Under Fixed Exchange Rates: Evidence from Causality Tests and VARs. Journal of Macroeconomics, 15(4): 747-768
  • King, R.G. and Levine, R. (1993). Finance and Growth: Schumpeter Might be Right. Economic Journal, 107: 771---782
  • King, R. G. and Levine, R. (1993a). Finance and Growth: Schumpeter Might Be Right. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108(3): 717-737
  • King, R. G. and Levine, R. (1993b). Finance, Entrepreneurship, and Growth: Theory and Evidence
  • Journal of Monetary Economics, 32(3): 513-542
  • Kirkpatrick, C. G .and Green,C. (2002). Finance and Development: An Overview of the Issues. Journal of International Development, 14(2): 207-209
  • Levine, R. (1997). Financial Development and Economic Growth: Views and Agenda. Journal of Economic Literature, 35: 688-726
  • Levine, R. and Zervos, S. (1998). Stock Markets, Banks, and Economic Growth. American Economic Review, 88: 537---558
  • Levine, R., Loayza, N. and Beck, T. (2000). Financial Intermediation and Growth: Causality and Causes. Journal of Monetary Economics, (46): 31---77
  • Levine, R. (2004). Finance and Growth: Theory and Evidence. NBER Working Paper Series Lewis, A. W. (1954). Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour. Manchester School of Economics and Social Studies, 22: 139-191
  • Lucas, R. (1988). On the Mechanics of Economic Development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22(1): 342
  • Mccaig, B. and Stengos, T. (2005). Financial Intermediation and Growth: Some Robustness Results
  • Economics Letters, 88(3): 306---312
  • McKinnon, R.I. (1973). Money and Capital in Economic Development. Washington, D.C.: The Brooking Institution
  • Mıhçı, S. (1999). Finansal Gelişme ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Endojen Büyüme Modelleri. İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 14(159)
  • Narayan, P. and Narayan, S. (2004). Estimating Income and Price Elasticities of Imports for Fiji in a Cointegration Framework. Economic Modelling, 22: 423-438
  • Narayan, P. and Smyth, R. (2006). What Determines Migration Flows from Low-Income to High Income Countries? An Empirical Investigation of Fiji-U.S. Migration 1972-2001. Contemporary Economic Policy, 24(2): 332-342
  • Nurkse, R. (1953). Problems of Capital Formation in Underdeveloped Countries, Oxford: Basil Blackwell
  • Öztürk, İ. (2008). Financial Development and Economic Growth: Evidence from Turkey. Applied Econometrics and International Development, 8(1): 85-98 Öztürkler, H. ve Çermikli, A. H. (2007). Türkiye’de Bir Parasal Aktarım Kanalı Olarak Banka Kredileri
  • Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, 44(514): 57-68
  • Pagano, M. (1993). Financial Markets and Growth, An Overview. European Economic Review, 37: 613-622
  • Patrick, H. T. (1966). Financial Development and Economic Growth in Underdeveloped Countries
  • Economic Development and Cultural Change, 14: 174-189
  • Pesaran, M., Shin, Y. and Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16: 289-326
  • Robinson, J. (1952). “The Generalization of the General Theory” içinde The Rate of Interest and Other Essays, 67142, London: Macmillan
  • Romer, P. M. (1986). Increasing Returns And Long Run Growth. Journal Of Political Economy, 94(5): 1002-1037
  • Roubini, N. and Salai Martin, X. (1992). Financial Repression and Economic Growth. Journal of Development Economics, 39(1): 530
  • Schumpeter, J. A. (1912). The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press
  • Shan, J.Z., A.G. Morris and Sun, F. (2001). Financial Development and Economic Growth: An Egg and Chicken Problem. Review of International Economics, 9(3): 443-454
  • Shan, J. Z. and Morris, A. (2002). Does Financial Development ‘Lead’ Economic Growth? International Review of Applied Economics, 16(2): 153---168 Shan, J. and Jianhong, Q. (2006). Does Financial Development Lead Economic Growth? The Case of China. Annals of Economics and Finance, 1: 231-250
  • Shaw, E. S. (1973). Financial Deepening in Economic Development, New York: Oxford University Press
  • Stiglitz, J. (1994). “The Role of The State in Financial Markets”, içinde M. Bruno ve B. Pleskoviç (editörler), Proceedings of The World Bank Conference on Development Economics, Washington D C.: World Bank
  • Taş,S. ve Kar, M. (2002). A Critical Survey of the Emprical Studies on Financial Liberalization in Turkey. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1): 39-63
  • Türkiye Bankalar Birliği (TBB), 27.01.2013 tarihinde Tüketici Kredileri-Eylül 2012.pdf, (2012), http://www.tbb.org.tr/tr/banka-ve-sektor-bilgileri/istatistiki-raporlar/eylul--2012---tuketici-kredileri-vekonut- kredileri-/1213 adresinden erişilmiştir
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası Elektronik Veri Dağıtım Sistemi, (2011), 14.11.2012 tarihinde (http://evds.tcmb.gov.tr) adresinden erişilmiştir
  • Ünalmış, D. (2002). The Causality Between Financial Development and Economic Growth: The Case of Turkey. CBRT Research Department, Working Paper No: 3, Ankara
  • www.milliyet.com.tr, 27.01.2013 tarihinde (http://ekonomi.milliyet.com.tr/kredi-buyumesi-15-i-asarsasikilastirma- gelir/ekonomi/ekonomidetay/25.01.2013/1660074/default.htm) adresinden erişilmiştir.
Toplam 76 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mehmet Mercan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 84

Kaynak Göster

APA Mercan, M. (2013). Kredi hacmindeki değişimlerin ekonomik büyümeye etkisi: Türkiye ekonomisi için sınır testi yaklaşımı. Bankacılar, 24(84), 54-71.
AMA Mercan M. Kredi hacmindeki değişimlerin ekonomik büyümeye etkisi: Türkiye ekonomisi için sınır testi yaklaşımı. Bankacılar. Ocak 2013;24(84):54-71.
Chicago Mercan, Mehmet. “Kredi Hacmindeki değişimlerin Ekonomik büyümeye Etkisi: Türkiye Ekonomisi için sınır Testi yaklaşımı”. Bankacılar 24, sy. 84 (Ocak 2013): 54-71.
EndNote Mercan M (01 Ocak 2013) Kredi hacmindeki değişimlerin ekonomik büyümeye etkisi: Türkiye ekonomisi için sınır testi yaklaşımı. Bankacılar 24 84 54–71.
IEEE M. Mercan, “Kredi hacmindeki değişimlerin ekonomik büyümeye etkisi: Türkiye ekonomisi için sınır testi yaklaşımı”, Bankacılar, c. 24, sy. 84, ss. 54–71, 2013.
ISNAD Mercan, Mehmet. “Kredi Hacmindeki değişimlerin Ekonomik büyümeye Etkisi: Türkiye Ekonomisi için sınır Testi yaklaşımı”. Bankacılar 24/84 (Ocak 2013), 54-71.
JAMA Mercan M. Kredi hacmindeki değişimlerin ekonomik büyümeye etkisi: Türkiye ekonomisi için sınır testi yaklaşımı. Bankacılar. 2013;24:54–71.
MLA Mercan, Mehmet. “Kredi Hacmindeki değişimlerin Ekonomik büyümeye Etkisi: Türkiye Ekonomisi için sınır Testi yaklaşımı”. Bankacılar, c. 24, sy. 84, 2013, ss. 54-71.
Vancouver Mercan M. Kredi hacmindeki değişimlerin ekonomik büyümeye etkisi: Türkiye ekonomisi için sınır testi yaklaşımı. Bankacılar. 2013;24(84):54-71.