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TRANSFORMATION OF TÜRKİYE'S ENERGY POLICIES: STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF NUCLEAR, RENEWABLE, AND HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY POLICIES

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 50 - 73, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.38120/banusad.1781534

Öz

The growing energy demand and high dependence on fossil fuels have directed Turkey toward a strategic transformation of its energy policies. In line with sustainability and energy security objectives, the policies have focused on accelerating nuclear energy investments, diversifying renewable resources, and enhancing the use of hydropower. This study strategically analyzes Turkey’s energy transition within the framework of nuclear, renewable, and hydropower policies. A literature review method was employed, evaluating academic publications, official reports, and strategy documents in a comparative framework. The findings reveal that nuclear projects, notably the Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant and other planned facilities, contribute to both energy security and emission reduction; that investments in solar and wind energy have rapidly increased installed capacity; and that hydropower continues to play a critical role as a domestic resource. Ultimately, the study concludes that Turkey’s 2035 vision and 2053 net-zero target have restructured national energy policies in harmony with sustainability and climate change mitigation goals.

Kaynakça

  • AA. (2023, Eylül 15). Turkey at important point in China nuclear plant talks. World Nuclear News. (21.08. 2025).
  • AA. (2025, May 7). Türkiye aims for 120,000 megawatts of renewable energy by 2035 [Press release]. Anadolu Agency. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/economy/turkiye-aims-for-120-000-megawatts-of-renewable-energy-by-2035-turkish-president-erdogan/3560209 (27.08.2025).
  • Akan, F. (2023) “Comparative Study on Nuclear Energy Policies of Turkey and Germany”, Master Thesis, TUM School of Governance Technical University of Munich.
  • Akkuyu NGS İnşaat Projesi. t.y. AKKUNPP. http://www.akkunpp.com/akkuyu-ngs-insaat-projesi. (21.08. 2025).
  • Artantaş, O. Ç. (2024) “Türkiye’s Nuclear Energy Aspirations: Policy Challenges and Legal Trajectory”, The Journal of World Energy Law & Business, 17(3).
  • Atlantic Council. (2024, October 16) Turkish Energy Minister Offers an Energy Transformation Roadmap [Commentary]. Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/commentary/transcript/turkish-energy-minister-alparslan-bayraktar-offers-an-energy-transformation-roadmap(21.08. 2025).
  • Aydın, C. İ. (2018) “Nuclear Energy in Turkey: Past, Present, and Future (Economics Notes No: 2018-03)”, Yeditepe University, Department of Economics. Retrieved from https://iibf.yeditepe.edu.tr/sites/default/files/ ikt_ekonominotlari5.pdf
  • Aydın, C. İ. (2020) “Nuclear Energy Debate in Turkey: Stakeholders, Policy Alternatives, and Governance Issues”, Energy Policy, 136, 111041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111041
  • Balkan Green Energy Newsa. (2025, 18 Şubat) “Turkey Tops 20 GW In PV Capacity, Wind Power Surpasses 13 GW. (I. Todorović)”, Balkan Green Energy News. https:// balkangreenenergynews.com/turkey-tops-20-gw-in-pv-capacity-wind-power-surpasses-13-gw/(21.08. 2025).
  • Balkan Green Energy Newsb. (2025, Nisan 10) “Turkey’s geothermal power capacity is equivalent to that of the EU and Iceland combined, making it fourth in the world”, https://balkangreenenergynews.com/turkeys-geothermal-power-capacity-is-equivalent-to-that-of-the-eu-and-iceland-combined-making-it-fourth-in-the-world(21.08. 2025).
  • Bianet. (2019, 27 Haziran) “Erdoğan: Sinop Nuclear Plant Project Halted”, Bianet English, https://bianet.org/haber/erdogan-sinop-nuclear-plant-project-halted-209842 (24.08. 2025).
  • CNBC-e. (2024, 15 Ekim) “Küçük Modüler Nükleer Santraller İçin Yasa Hazırlığı”, (Enerji Haber). CNBC-e, Enerji Bölümü. https://www.cnbce.com/enerji/kucuk-moduler-nukleer-santraller-icin-yasa-hazirligi-h5311(27.08. 2025). Construction Review Online. (2024, 14 Eylül) “The Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant: World’s Largest Nuclear Construction Site in Europe”, Construction Review Online.
  • Çetinkaya, Ş. (2019) “Türkiye’nin Enerji Güvenliğinin Sağlanması: Bir Ulusal Güvenlik Meselesi”, Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi, 43:208-2015

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 50 - 73, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.38120/banusad.1781534

Öz

Kaynakça

  • AA. (2023, Eylül 15). Turkey at important point in China nuclear plant talks. World Nuclear News. (21.08. 2025).
  • AA. (2025, May 7). Türkiye aims for 120,000 megawatts of renewable energy by 2035 [Press release]. Anadolu Agency. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/economy/turkiye-aims-for-120-000-megawatts-of-renewable-energy-by-2035-turkish-president-erdogan/3560209 (27.08.2025).
  • Akan, F. (2023) “Comparative Study on Nuclear Energy Policies of Turkey and Germany”, Master Thesis, TUM School of Governance Technical University of Munich.
  • Akkuyu NGS İnşaat Projesi. t.y. AKKUNPP. http://www.akkunpp.com/akkuyu-ngs-insaat-projesi. (21.08. 2025).
  • Artantaş, O. Ç. (2024) “Türkiye’s Nuclear Energy Aspirations: Policy Challenges and Legal Trajectory”, The Journal of World Energy Law & Business, 17(3).
  • Atlantic Council. (2024, October 16) Turkish Energy Minister Offers an Energy Transformation Roadmap [Commentary]. Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/commentary/transcript/turkish-energy-minister-alparslan-bayraktar-offers-an-energy-transformation-roadmap(21.08. 2025).
  • Aydın, C. İ. (2018) “Nuclear Energy in Turkey: Past, Present, and Future (Economics Notes No: 2018-03)”, Yeditepe University, Department of Economics. Retrieved from https://iibf.yeditepe.edu.tr/sites/default/files/ ikt_ekonominotlari5.pdf
  • Aydın, C. İ. (2020) “Nuclear Energy Debate in Turkey: Stakeholders, Policy Alternatives, and Governance Issues”, Energy Policy, 136, 111041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111041
  • Balkan Green Energy Newsa. (2025, 18 Şubat) “Turkey Tops 20 GW In PV Capacity, Wind Power Surpasses 13 GW. (I. Todorović)”, Balkan Green Energy News. https:// balkangreenenergynews.com/turkey-tops-20-gw-in-pv-capacity-wind-power-surpasses-13-gw/(21.08. 2025).
  • Balkan Green Energy Newsb. (2025, Nisan 10) “Turkey’s geothermal power capacity is equivalent to that of the EU and Iceland combined, making it fourth in the world”, https://balkangreenenergynews.com/turkeys-geothermal-power-capacity-is-equivalent-to-that-of-the-eu-and-iceland-combined-making-it-fourth-in-the-world(21.08. 2025).
  • Bianet. (2019, 27 Haziran) “Erdoğan: Sinop Nuclear Plant Project Halted”, Bianet English, https://bianet.org/haber/erdogan-sinop-nuclear-plant-project-halted-209842 (24.08. 2025).
  • CNBC-e. (2024, 15 Ekim) “Küçük Modüler Nükleer Santraller İçin Yasa Hazırlığı”, (Enerji Haber). CNBC-e, Enerji Bölümü. https://www.cnbce.com/enerji/kucuk-moduler-nukleer-santraller-icin-yasa-hazirligi-h5311(27.08. 2025). Construction Review Online. (2024, 14 Eylül) “The Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant: World’s Largest Nuclear Construction Site in Europe”, Construction Review Online.
  • Çetinkaya, Ş. (2019) “Türkiye’nin Enerji Güvenliğinin Sağlanması: Bir Ulusal Güvenlik Meselesi”, Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi, 43:208-2015

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 50 - 73, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.38120/banusad.1781534

Öz

Kaynakça

  • AA. (2023, Eylül 15). Turkey at important point in China nuclear plant talks. World Nuclear News. (21.08. 2025).
  • AA. (2025, May 7). Türkiye aims for 120,000 megawatts of renewable energy by 2035 [Press release]. Anadolu Agency. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/economy/turkiye-aims-for-120-000-megawatts-of-renewable-energy-by-2035-turkish-president-erdogan/3560209 (27.08.2025).
  • Akan, F. (2023) “Comparative Study on Nuclear Energy Policies of Turkey and Germany”, Master Thesis, TUM School of Governance Technical University of Munich.
  • Akkuyu NGS İnşaat Projesi. t.y. AKKUNPP. http://www.akkunpp.com/akkuyu-ngs-insaat-projesi. (21.08. 2025).
  • Artantaş, O. Ç. (2024) “Türkiye’s Nuclear Energy Aspirations: Policy Challenges and Legal Trajectory”, The Journal of World Energy Law & Business, 17(3).
  • Atlantic Council. (2024, October 16) Turkish Energy Minister Offers an Energy Transformation Roadmap [Commentary]. Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/commentary/transcript/turkish-energy-minister-alparslan-bayraktar-offers-an-energy-transformation-roadmap(21.08. 2025).
  • Aydın, C. İ. (2018) “Nuclear Energy in Turkey: Past, Present, and Future (Economics Notes No: 2018-03)”, Yeditepe University, Department of Economics. Retrieved from https://iibf.yeditepe.edu.tr/sites/default/files/ ikt_ekonominotlari5.pdf
  • Aydın, C. İ. (2020) “Nuclear Energy Debate in Turkey: Stakeholders, Policy Alternatives, and Governance Issues”, Energy Policy, 136, 111041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111041
  • Balkan Green Energy Newsa. (2025, 18 Şubat) “Turkey Tops 20 GW In PV Capacity, Wind Power Surpasses 13 GW. (I. Todorović)”, Balkan Green Energy News. https:// balkangreenenergynews.com/turkey-tops-20-gw-in-pv-capacity-wind-power-surpasses-13-gw/(21.08. 2025).
  • Balkan Green Energy Newsb. (2025, Nisan 10) “Turkey’s geothermal power capacity is equivalent to that of the EU and Iceland combined, making it fourth in the world”, https://balkangreenenergynews.com/turkeys-geothermal-power-capacity-is-equivalent-to-that-of-the-eu-and-iceland-combined-making-it-fourth-in-the-world(21.08. 2025).
  • Bianet. (2019, 27 Haziran) “Erdoğan: Sinop Nuclear Plant Project Halted”, Bianet English, https://bianet.org/haber/erdogan-sinop-nuclear-plant-project-halted-209842 (24.08. 2025).
  • CNBC-e. (2024, 15 Ekim) “Küçük Modüler Nükleer Santraller İçin Yasa Hazırlığı”, (Enerji Haber). CNBC-e, Enerji Bölümü. https://www.cnbce.com/enerji/kucuk-moduler-nukleer-santraller-icin-yasa-hazirligi-h5311(27.08. 2025). Construction Review Online. (2024, 14 Eylül) “The Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant: World’s Largest Nuclear Construction Site in Europe”, Construction Review Online.
  • Çetinkaya, Ş. (2019) “Türkiye’nin Enerji Güvenliğinin Sağlanması: Bir Ulusal Güvenlik Meselesi”, Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi, 43:208-2015

TÜRKİYE’NİN ENERJİ POLİTİKALARININ DÖNÜŞÜMÜ: NÜKLEER, YENİLENEBİLİR VE HİDROELEKTRİK ENERJİ POLİTİKALARININ STRATEJİK ANALİZİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 50 - 73, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.38120/banusad.1781534

Öz

Enerji talebindeki artış ve fosil yakıtlara olan yüksek bağımlılık, Türkiye’yi enerji politikalarında stratejik bir dönüşüme yöneltmiştir. Sürdürülebilirlik ve arz güvenliği hedefleri doğrultusunda geliştirilen politikalar, nükleer enerji yatırımlarının hız kazanması, yenilenebilir kaynakların çeşitlendirilmesi ve hidroelektriğin etkin kullanımına odaklanmıştır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin enerji dönüşümü, nükleer, yenilenebilir ve hidroelektrik politikaları temelinde stratejik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada literatür taraması yöntemi kullanılmış, akademik yayınlar, resmi raporlar ve strateji belgeleri karşılaştırmalı bir çerçevede değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, Akkuyu başta olmak üzere planlanan nükleer projelerin arz güvenliği ve emisyon azaltımına katkı sağladığını; güneş ve rüzgâr yatırımlarının kurulu kapasiteyi hızla artırdığını; hidroelektriğin ise kritik bir yerli kaynak olarak önemini koruduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuçta, Türkiye’nin 2035 vizyonu ve 2053 net sıfır hedefi doğrultusunda enerji politikalarının, sürdürülebilirlik ve iklim değişikliğiyle mücadeleye entegre biçimde yeniden yapılandığı ortaya konmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • AA. (2023, Eylül 15). Turkey at important point in China nuclear plant talks. World Nuclear News. (21.08. 2025).
  • AA. (2025, May 7). Türkiye aims for 120,000 megawatts of renewable energy by 2035 [Press release]. Anadolu Agency. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/economy/turkiye-aims-for-120-000-megawatts-of-renewable-energy-by-2035-turkish-president-erdogan/3560209 (27.08.2025).
  • Akan, F. (2023) “Comparative Study on Nuclear Energy Policies of Turkey and Germany”, Master Thesis, TUM School of Governance Technical University of Munich.
  • Akkuyu NGS İnşaat Projesi. t.y. AKKUNPP. http://www.akkunpp.com/akkuyu-ngs-insaat-projesi. (21.08. 2025).
  • Artantaş, O. Ç. (2024) “Türkiye’s Nuclear Energy Aspirations: Policy Challenges and Legal Trajectory”, The Journal of World Energy Law & Business, 17(3).
  • Atlantic Council. (2024, October 16) Turkish Energy Minister Offers an Energy Transformation Roadmap [Commentary]. Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/commentary/transcript/turkish-energy-minister-alparslan-bayraktar-offers-an-energy-transformation-roadmap(21.08. 2025).
  • Aydın, C. İ. (2018) “Nuclear Energy in Turkey: Past, Present, and Future (Economics Notes No: 2018-03)”, Yeditepe University, Department of Economics. Retrieved from https://iibf.yeditepe.edu.tr/sites/default/files/ ikt_ekonominotlari5.pdf
  • Aydın, C. İ. (2020) “Nuclear Energy Debate in Turkey: Stakeholders, Policy Alternatives, and Governance Issues”, Energy Policy, 136, 111041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111041
  • Balkan Green Energy Newsa. (2025, 18 Şubat) “Turkey Tops 20 GW In PV Capacity, Wind Power Surpasses 13 GW. (I. Todorović)”, Balkan Green Energy News. https:// balkangreenenergynews.com/turkey-tops-20-gw-in-pv-capacity-wind-power-surpasses-13-gw/(21.08. 2025).
  • Balkan Green Energy Newsb. (2025, Nisan 10) “Turkey’s geothermal power capacity is equivalent to that of the EU and Iceland combined, making it fourth in the world”, https://balkangreenenergynews.com/turkeys-geothermal-power-capacity-is-equivalent-to-that-of-the-eu-and-iceland-combined-making-it-fourth-in-the-world(21.08. 2025).
  • Bianet. (2019, 27 Haziran) “Erdoğan: Sinop Nuclear Plant Project Halted”, Bianet English, https://bianet.org/haber/erdogan-sinop-nuclear-plant-project-halted-209842 (24.08. 2025).
  • CNBC-e. (2024, 15 Ekim) “Küçük Modüler Nükleer Santraller İçin Yasa Hazırlığı”, (Enerji Haber). CNBC-e, Enerji Bölümü. https://www.cnbce.com/enerji/kucuk-moduler-nukleer-santraller-icin-yasa-hazirligi-h5311(27.08. 2025). Construction Review Online. (2024, 14 Eylül) “The Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant: World’s Largest Nuclear Construction Site in Europe”, Construction Review Online.
  • Çetinkaya, Ş. (2019) “Türkiye’nin Enerji Güvenliğinin Sağlanması: Bir Ulusal Güvenlik Meselesi”, Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi, 43:208-2015
Toplam 13 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Politika ve Yönetim (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Fehmi Yilmaz 0009-0002-3933-676X

Mesut Şöhret 0000-0003-4052-9286

Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Eylül 2025
Kabul Tarihi 23 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yilmaz, F., & Şöhret, M. (2025). TÜRKİYE’NİN ENERJİ POLİTİKALARININ DÖNÜŞÜMÜ: NÜKLEER, YENİLENEBİLİR VE HİDROELEKTRİK ENERJİ POLİTİKALARININ STRATEJİK ANALİZİ. Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 50-73. https://doi.org/10.38120/banusad.1781534