USING OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES IN DESIGNING FOREST ROADS AND ROAD NETWORKS

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 49 - 62, 01.03.2013

Abdullah E. Akay Kazuhiro Aruga Pete Bettinger John Sessions

Öz

There has been an increasing interest in using modern optimization techniques in forest road design due to advancements in computer hardware, optimization algorithms, and remote sensing technologies. These techniques allow one to automate many of the time consuming tasks involved in road design process and improve the efficiency of road design managers in identifying road alignment alternatives. This paper presents the main road design stages to indicate the possibilities of using optimization techniques in forest road design and provides background information on many of the optimization techniques used in road design and road network management problems. The current advances in forest road design and network optimization procedures are presented and recommendations are suggested for future studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Road engineering, forest road design, optimum route selection, road cost

USING OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES IN DESIGNING FOREST ROADS AND ROAD NETWORKS

Öz

There has been an increasing interest in using modern optimization techniques in forest road design due to
advancements in computer hardware, optimization algorithms, and remote sensing technologies. These
techniques allow one to automate many of the time consuming tasks involved in road design process and
improve the efficiency of road design managers in identifying road alignment alternatives. This paper presents
the main road design stages to indicate the possibilities of using optimization techniques in forest road design
and provides background information on many of the optimization techniques used in road design and road
network management problems. The current advances in forest road design and network optimization procedures
are presented and recommendations are suggested for future studies. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Road engineering

Kaynakça

• o AASHTO 1990. American Association of Safe Highway and Transportation Officials. A Policy on Geometric Design of Highway S and Streets, Washington, D.C.
• o Akay, A. E. 2004. A New Method of Designing Forest Roads. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 28: 273-279.
• o Akay, A. E. and Sessions J. 2005. Applying the Decision Support System, TRACER, to Forest Road Design. Western Journal of Applied Forestry. 20 (3): 184-191.
• o Akay, A. E. 2006. Minimizing Total Costs of Forest Roads with Computer-Aided Design Model. Academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences (SADHANA). 31(5): 621–633.
• o Akay, A. E., Erdas, O., Reis, M., Yuksel, A. 2008. Estimating Sediment Yield from A Forest Road Network by Using A Sediment Prediction Model and GIS Techniques. Building and Environment. 43(5): 687-695.
• o Anderson, A. E and Nelson, J. D. 2004. Projecting Vector Based Road Networks With A Shortest Path Algorithm. Can. J. For. Res. 34 (7): 1444-1457.
• o Aruga, K., Sessions, J., Akay, A., Chung, W. 2004. Optimizing Horizontal and Vertical Alignments of Forest Roads Using A High Resolution DEM. Proceedings of the International Mountain Logging and 12th Pacific Northwest Skyline Symposium, Vancouver, British Columbia, June.
• o Aruga, K., Sessions, J., Akay, A. E. 2005. Heuristic Techniques Applied to Forest Road Profile. Japanese Forestry Society, Journal of Forest Research. 10 (2): 83-92.
• o Bailenson, J. M., Shum, M. S., Uttal, D. H. 1998. Road Climbing: Principles Governing Asymmetric Route Choices on Maps. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 18: 251-64.
• o Barreto, P., Amaral, P., Vidal, E., Uhl, C. 1998. Costs and Benefits of Forest Management for Timber Production in Eastern Amazonia. Forest Ecology and Management. 108: 9-26.
• o Beasley, J., Dowsland, K., Glover, F., Manuel, L., Peterson, C., Reeves, C., Soderberg, B. 1993. Modern Heuristic Techniques for Combinatorial Problems. Halsted Press: An Imprint John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York. 320 p.
• o Bettinger, P., Sessions, J., Johnson, K. N. 1998. Ensuring the Compatibility of Aquatic Habitat and Commodity Production Goals in Eastern Oregon with a TabuS Procedure. Forest Science. 44: 96-112.
• o Bowman, E. H. and Fetter, R. B. 1967. Analysis for Production and Operations Management. Irwin Series in Quantitative Analysis for Business. Yale University. 870 p.
• o Christian, J. and Caldera, H. 1988. Earthmoving Cost Optimization by Operational Research. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. 51: 679-684.
• o Church, R. L., Murray, A. T., Weintraub, A. 1998. Locational Issues in Forest Management. Location Science. 6: 137-53.
• o Clark, M. M., Meller, R. D., McDonald, T. P. 2000. A Three-Stage Heuristic for Harvest Scheduling with Access Road Network Development. Forest Science. 46: 204-18.
• o Cormen, T. H., Leiserson, C. E., Rivest, R. L. 1990. Introduction to Algorithms. MIT Press. ISBN 0- 262-03141-8.
• o Dijkstra, E. W. 1959. A Note on Two Problems in Connection with Graphs. Num. Math 1: 269–271.
• o Easa, S. M. 1988. Selection of Roadway Grades That Minimize Earthwork Cost Using Linear Programming. Transportation Research. 22A (2): 121-136.
• o Elnagar, A. and Hussein, A. 2000. On Optimal Constrained Trajectory Panning in 3D Environments. Robotics and Autonomous Systems. 33: 195-206.
• o Erdas, O. 1997. Forest Roads. Blacksea Technical University, Faculty of Forestry, Trabzon. Turkey. 405 p.
• o Gipps, P. G., Gu, K. Q., Held, A., Barnett, G. 2001. New Technologies for Transport Route Selection. Transportation Research Part C. 9: 135-54.
• o Glover, F. 1989. Tabu Search-Part I. ORSA J. Computing. 1: 190-206.
• o Gullison, R. E and Hardner, J. J. 1993. The Effects of Road Design and Harvest Intensity on Forest Damage Caused by Selective Logging: Empirical Results and A Simulation Model From the Bosque Chimanes, Bolivia. Forest Ecology And Management. 59: 1-14.
• o Holland, J. H. 1975. Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.
• o Ichihara, K., Tanaka, T., Sawaguchi, I., Umeda, S., Toyokawa, K. 1996. The Method for Designing The Profile of Forest Roads Supported by Genetic Algorithm. The Japanese Forestry Society, Journal of Forest Research. 1: 45-49.
• o Jha, M. K. and Schonfeld, P. 2004. A Highway Alignment Optimization Model Using Geographic Information Systems. Transportation Research Part A. 38: 455-81.
• o Jong, J. C. and Schonfeld, P. 2003. An Evolutionary Model for Simultaneously Optimizing ThreeDimensional Highway Alignments. Transportation Research Part B. 37: 107-128.
• o Kanzaki, K. 1973. On the Decision of Profile Line of Forest Road by Dynamic Programming. Journal of Japanese Forestry Society. 55: 144-148.
• o Kirby, M. W., Hager, W. A., Wong, P. 1986. Simultaneous Planning of Wildland Management and Transportation Alternatives. TIMS Studies In The Management Sciences. 21: 371-87.
• o Kirkpatrick, S., Gerlatt, C. D., Vecchi, M. P. 1983. Optimization by Simulated Annealing, Science. 220: 671-680.
• o Kramer, B. W. 1993. A Road Design Process for Low Volume Recreation and Resource Development Roads. Oregon State University, Corvallis. 98 p.
• o Kramer, B. W. 2001. Forest Road Contracting, Construction, and Maintenance for Small Forest Woodland Owners. Oregon State University, Forest Research Laboratory, Research Contribution 35. 79 p.
• o Lanthier, M., Nussbaum, D., Sack, J. R. 2003. Parallel Implementation of Geometric Shortest Path Algorithms. Parallel Computing. 29: 1445-79.
• o Liatsis, P. and Tawfik, H. M. 1999. Two-Dimensional Road Shape Optimisation Using Genetic Algorithms. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation. 51: 19-31.
• o Lugo, A. E. and Gucinski, H. 2000. Function, Effects, and Management of Forest Roads. Forest Ecology and Management. 133: 249-62.
• o Mayer, R. and Stark, R. 1981. Earthmoving Logistics. Journal of Const. Div. 107(CO2): 297-312.
• o Metropolis, N., Rosenbluth, A., Rosenbluth, M., Teller, A., Teller, E. 1953. Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines. Journal of Chemical Physics. 21: 1087-1101.
• o Oglesby, C. and Hicks, R. 1982. Highway Engineering, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
• o Olsson, L. and Lohmander, P. 2005a. Optimal Forest Transportation With Respect to Road Investments. Forest Policy and Economics. (In Press).
• o Olsson, L. 2005b. Road Investment Scenarios in Northern Sweden. Forest Policy and Economics. (In press).
• o O'Mahony, M. J., Ueberschaer, A., Owende, P. M. O., Ward, S. M. 2000. Bearing Capacity of Forest Access Roads Built on Peat Soils. Journal of Terramechanics. 37: 127-38.
• o Parker, N. A. 1977. Rural Highway Route Corridor Selection. Transportation Planning Techniques. 3: 247-256.
• o Pearce, J. K. 1974. Forest Engineering Handbook, a Guide for Logging Planning and Forest Road Engineering, Bureau of Land Management, Oregon State Office, US Department of the Interior. Divisions 100-800, pp. 220.
• o Pérez de al Cruz, J. L., Conejo-Muñoz, R., Morales-Bueno, R, Puy-Huarte, J. 1995. Highway Design by Constraint Specification. Artificial Intelligence in Engineering. 9: 127-39.
• o Peters, P. A. 1978. Spacing of Roads and Landings to Minimize Timber Harvest Cost. Forest Science. 24: 209-17.
• o Richard, M. J., Huang, M. Z., Bouazara, M. 2004. Computer Aided Analysis and Optimal Design of Mechanical Systems Using Vector-Network Techniques. Applied Mathematics and Computation. 157: 175-200.
• o Sessions, J. and Sessions, J. B. 1991. Scheduling and Network Analysis Program (SNAP II): User's Guide. Department of Forest Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR.
• o Tan, J. 1999. Locating Forest Roads Bby A Spatial and Heuristic Procedure Using Microcomputers. International Journal of Forest Engineering. 10 (2): 91-100.
• o Tan, J. 2000. Application of Dynamic Programming to Optimum Location of A Forest Road. International Journal of Forest Engineering. 11 (2): 33-42.
• o Teasley, R. L. 2002. Managing Forest Road Removal Using Dynamic Programming: A Pilot Study. American Journal of Undergraduate Research. 1 (2): 23-30.
• o Lanthier, M., Nussbaum, D., Sack, J. R. 2003. Parallel Implementation of Geometric Shortest Path Algorithms. Parallel Computing. 29: 1445-79.
• o Liatsis, P. and Tawfik, H. M. 1999. Two-Dimensional Road Shape Optimisation Using Genetic Algorithms. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation. 51: 19-31.
• o Lugo, A. E. and Gucinski, H. 2000. Function, Effects, and Management of Forest Roads. Forest Ecology and Management. 133: 249-62.
• o Mayer, R. and Stark, R. 1981. Earthmoving Logistics. Journal of Const. Div. 107(CO2): 297-312.
• o Metropolis, N., Rosenbluth, A., Rosenbluth, M., Teller, A., Teller, E. 1953. Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines. Journal of Chemical Physics. 21: 1087-1101.
• o Oglesby, C. and Hicks, R. 1982. Highway Engineering, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
• o Olsson, L. and Lohmander, P. 2005a. Optimal Forest Transportation With Respect to Road Investments. Forest Policy and Economics. (In Press).
• o Olsson, L. 2005b. Road Investment Scenarios in Northern Sweden. Forest Policy and Economics. (In press).
• o O'Mahony, M. J., Ueberschaer, A., Owende, P. M. O., Ward, S. M. 2000. Bearing Capacity of Forest Access Roads Built on Peat Soils. Journal of Terramechanics. 37: 127-38.
• o Parker, N. A. 1977. Rural Highway Route Corridor Selection. Transportation Planning Techniques. 3: 247-256.
• o Pearce, J. K. 1974. Forest Engineering Handbook, a Guide for Logging Planning and Forest Road Engineering, Bureau of Land Management, Oregon State Office, US Department of the Interior. Divisions 100-800, pp. 220.
• o Pérez de al Cruz, J. L., Conejo-Muñoz, R., Morales-Bueno, R, Puy-Huarte, J. 1995. Highway Design by Constraint Specification. Artificial Intelligence in Engineering. 9: 127-39.
• o Peters, P. A. 1978. Spacing of Roads and Landings to Minimize Timber Harvest Cost. Forest Science. 24: 209-17.
• o Richard, M. J., Huang, M. Z., Bouazara, M. 2004. Computer Aided Analysis and Optimal Design of Mechanical Systems Using Vector-Network Techniques. Applied Mathematics and Computation. 157: 175-200.
• o Sessions, J. and Sessions, J. B. 1991. Scheduling and Network Analysis Program (SNAP II): User's Guide. Department of Forest Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR.
• o Tan, J. 1999. Locating Forest Roads Bby A Spatial and Heuristic Procedure Using Microcomputers. International Journal of Forest Engineering. 10 (2): 91-100.
• o Tan, J. 2000. Application of Dynamic Programming to Optimum Location of A Forest Road. International Journal of Forest Engineering. 11 (2): 33-42.
• o Teasley, R. L. 2002. Managing Forest Road Removal Using Dynamic Programming: A Pilot Study. American Journal of Undergraduate Research. 1 (2): 23-30.