Investigation of the effects of Bessel and Butterworth filters on power calculation and analysis in grid connected photovoltaic system

Öz

In grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems, power electronic converters are needed to transfer direct current (DC) power output to the grid and DC-AC (alternating current) causes harmonics to occur during power conversion. Total harmonic distortions have a negative effect on power systems and cause undesirable problems in power quality. There are hardware and software solutions to reduce the effects of harmonics. In order to improve the power quality in the grid connected PV system, the reference current and voltage values, including the control structures of the converter and inverter circuits, must be measured with high accuracy. The high accuracy of the power calculation of the control structures of these circuits will cause the electrical parameters of the PV system such as active power, reactive power and phase angle to be obtained without error. In this study, Butterworth and Bessel digital filters are used in order to contribute to the power calculation by minimizing the distortions in the electrical signals, instead of the traditional power analysis block used in the literature for high accuracy power calculation and analysis in PV systems. In the simulation study performed in LabVIEW environment, the noisy reference signal has been successfully reduced by providing high accuracy power calculation in both filter types. In this way, the total harmonic distortion (THB) values of the Butterworth filter are also improved. The Butterworth filter used in the study was more successful than the Bessel filter in power calculation and THB.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Grid connect PV system
• Power calculation
• Bessel digital filter
• Butterworth digital filter
• total harmonic distortion.

Şebeke bağlantılı fotovoltaik sistemlerde Bessel ve Butterworth filtrelerinin güç hesabı ve analizi üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi

Öz

Şebeke bağlantılı fotovoltaik (FV) sistemlerde doğru akım (DA) güç çıkışının şebekeye aktarılabilmesi için güç elektroniği dönüştürücülerine ihtiyaç duyulmakta ve DA-AA (alternatif akım) güç dönüşümü sırasında harmoniklerin oluşmasına neden olmaktadır. Toplam harmonik bozulmalar güç sistemlerine olumsuz yönde etkide bulunmakta ve güç kalitesinde istenmeyen sorunlara yol açmaktadır. Harmoniklerin etkilerini azaltmak için donanımsal ve yazılımsal çözümler bulunmaktadır. Şebeke bağlantılı FV sistemde güç kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi için dönüştürücü ve inverter devrelerinin kontrol yapıları olmak üzere, referans akım ve gerilim değerlerinin yüksek doğrulukta ölçülmesi gerekmektedir. Bu devrelerin kontrol yapılarının güç hesabının yüksek doğrulukta olması, FV sistemin aktif güç, reaktif güç ve faz açısı gibi elektriksel parametrelerinin hatasız olarak elde edilmesine neden olacaktır. Bu çalışmada, FV sistemlerde güç hesabının ve analizinin yüksek doğrulukta yapılabilmesi için literatürde kullanılan geleneksel güç analizi bloğu yerine, elektriksel sinyallerdeki bozulmaları en aza indirerek güç hesabına katkı sağlamak amacıyla Butterworth ve Bessel dijital filtreleri kullanılmıştır. LabVIEW ortamında yapılan simülasyon çalışmasında, gürültülü referans sinyali iki filtre türünde de güç hesabının yüksek doğrulukta yapılmasını sağlayarak gürültüyü başarılı bir şekilde azaltılmıştır. Bu sayede, Butterworth filtresinin toplam harmonik bozulma (THB) değerleri de iyileştirilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan Butterworth filtresi, güç hesabı ve THB konusunda Bessel filtresine göre daha başarılı olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Şebeke bağlantılı FV sistem
• Güç hesabı
• Bessel dijital filtre
• Butterworth dijital filtre
• toplam harmonik bozulma.

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