Organik ve Konvansiyonel Şartlarda Yetiştirilen İneklerin Sütlerinin Miktar ve İçerik Bakımından Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 9 - 15, 12.12.2019

Bahri Bayram

Öz

Entansif tarım, insan ve hayvan sağlığı üzerinde bazı olumsuzluklara, çevre üzerinde ise ağır tahribatlara neden olmuştur. Organik tarım, entansif tarımın ortaya çıkarmış olduğu olumsuzluklara karşı bir reaksiyon olarak gelişme göstermiştir. Güncel verilere göre, 181 ülkede 69.8 milyon hektarlık alanda organik tarım yapılmakta, pazar hacminin 100 milyar dolar olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Süt ve ürünleri, meyve ve sebzeden sonra en fazla talep edilen organik ürünlerin başında yer almaktadır. Organik süt sığırı işletmeleri, meraya dayalı olması, hayvan refahına yönelik temel uygulamalar içermesi ve rasyonda sınırlı oranda kesif kullanılması bakımından, konvansiyonel işletmelerden farklılık göstermektedir. Bu farklılığın süt verimi ve bileşenleri üzerinde bazı farklılıklara neden olması beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, organik ve konvansiyonel şartlarda yetiştirilen ineklerin sütlerinin miktar ve içerik bakımından karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, organik ve konvansiyonel şartlarda yetiştirilen ineklerin süt miktarı ve besin madde içeriklerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Rasyonda sınırlı oranda kesif yem kullanılmasından dolayı, organik şartlarda yetiştirilen ineklerin sütleri daha düşük olmuştur. İki yetiştirme metodu arasında sütün temel bileşenlerinden olan protein, yağ ve laktoz bakımından bir farklılık olmamıştır. Organik şartlarda yetiştirilen ineklerin sütleri, insan sağlığı üzerine çok sayıda olumlu etkisi bulunan doymamış yağ asidi, konjuge linoleik asit ve omega-3 bakımından daha zengin olmuştur. Bu durumun beslenmeden kaynaklandığı bildirilmiştir. Organik süt sığırı işletmelerinde meraya dayalı bir üretim sisteminde taze ve yeşil yemlerin daha fazla tüketimi, rasyonda kaba yemin fazla olması ve sınırlı oranda kesif yemin kullanılması bu sonucu ortaya çıkarmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Organik tarım, organik süt sığırı işletmesi, organik süt, Siyah Alaca

Comparison of Cows' Milk inTerms of Quantity and Content Raised under Organic and Conventional Conditions

Öz

Intensive agriculture has caused serious adverse effects on human and animal health and serious environmental damage. Organic agriculture has developed as a reaction to the negative effects of intensive agriculture. According to current data, organic agriculture is carried out in 181 countries on an area of 69.8 million hectares and the market volume is estimated to be 100 billion dollars. Milk and dairy products are among the most demanded organic products after fruits and vegetables. Organic dairy cattle farms, differ from conventional dairy farms in that they are based on pasture, contain basic practices for animal welfare and use limited concentration in ration. That difference is expected to cause some differences in milk yield and components. In the present study, it was aimed to compare the milk and milk content of cows raised in organic and conventional condition in accordance with this purpose, it was aimed to compare the milk content and nutrient contents of cows reared under organic and conventional conditions. In the ration, due to the limited use of concentrated feed, the milk of cows raised under organic conditions was being lower. There wasn't any difference between the two management methods in terms of protein, fat and lactose which are the main components of milk. The milk of cows raised in organic conditions was more rich in unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid and omega-3, which had many positive effects on human health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Organic agriculture, organic dairy farm, organic milk, Holstein Friesian

Kaynakça

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