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Farklı Oranlarda Sarı Mısır ve Buğday İçeren Rasyonların Yumurta Tavuklarında Performans, Yumurta Kabuk Kalitesi ve Sarı Rengi Üzerine Etkisi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 28 - 36, 17.06.2021

Öz

Bu çalışma buğday/mısır oranı 100/0, 67/33, 33/67 ve 0/100 olan 4 farklı rasyonun yumurta tavuklarında performans, yumurta kabuk kalitesi ve haftalık olarak yumurta sarı rengi üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Dört hafta (28 gün) süren çalışmada, 60 haftalık yaşta toplam 60 adet yumurta tavuğu her bir gözde 3 tavuk bulunan 5 tekerrürlü 4 deneme grubuna dağıtılmışlardır. Çalışma sonucunda tahıl kaynağı olarak tamamen buğday içeren rasyonlar ile yemlenen grupta canlı ağırlık değişimi sadece mısıra dayalı rasyondan önemli seviyede yüksek bulunurken (P<0.05), yumurta verimi, yem tüketimi, yem değerlendirme katsayısı, yumurta ağırlığı ve kitlesine muamele rasyonlarının etkisi önemsiz olmuştur (P>0.05). Yumurta kabuk kırılma direnci, kabuk ağırlığı ve kabuk kalınlığı sadece mısır içeren rasyonlarda önemli seviyede düşük olmuştur (P<0.05). Roche renk skalasına göre yumurta sarı rengin bakımından deneme başlangıcında gruplar arasında fark olmaz iken, 7, 14, 21 ve 28. günlerdeki renk ölçümlerinde ise, buğday/mısır oranı 33/67 ve 0/100 olan gruplarda, buğday/mısır oranı 100/0 ve 67/33 gruplarından önemli seviyede daha yüksek olmuştur. En düşük renk değeri 100/0 buğday/mısır oranına sahip yani buğdaya dayalı rasyonda yemlenen grupta olmuştur (P<0.05). Yumurta sarı renginin L*, a* ve b* değerleri ölçüm sonuçlarına göre ise, deneme başlangıcında gruplar arasında önemli seviyede fark olmamıştır. Sarı ve kırmızı rengin göstergesi olan a* ve b* değerleri denemenin 7, 14, 21 ve 28. günlerinde buğdaya dayalı rasyonlarda önemli seviyede daha düşük olmuş ve rasyonda mısır seviyesinin artışına bağlı olarak artış görülmüştür (P<0.05). Bu çalışmanın sonuçları; yumurta tavuklarında canlı ağırlık değişimi, yumurta kabuk özellikleri ve yumurta sarı rengi bakımından değerlendirildiğinde rasyonda buğday/mısır oranının 33/67 olması yani rasyonun %40 mısır ve yaklaşık %20 seviyesinde buğday içermesinin uygun olacağını göstermiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Adams, R. L., Carrick, C. W. (1967). A study of the niacin requirement of the laying hen. Poultry Science, 46(3), 712-718. DOI: 10.3382/ps.0460712.
  • Ayaşan, T., Çetinkaya, N., Aykanat, S., Çelik, C. (2020). Nutrient contents and in vitro digestibility of different parts of corn plant. South African Journal of Animal Science, 50(2), 302-309. DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v50i2.13.
  • Brenes, A., Smith, M., Guenter, W., Marquardt, R. R. (1993). Effect of enzyme supplementation on the performance and digestive tract size of broiler chickens fed wheat and barley based diets. Poult Science, 72(9), 1731-1739. DOI: 10.3382/ps.0721731.
  • Briggs, G. M., Groschke, A. C., Lillie, R. J. (1946). Effect of proteins low in tryptophane on growth of chickens and on laying hens receiving nicotinic acid-low rations: One Figure. The Journal of Nutrition, 32(6), 659-675. DOI: 10.1093/jn/32.6.659.
  • Christianson, D. D., Wall, J. S., Dimler, R. J., Booth, A. N. (1968). Nutritionally unavailable niacin in corn. Isolation and biological activity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 16(1), 100-104. DOI: 10.1021/jf60155a008. DOI: 10.1021/jf60155a008.
  • Cufadar, Y., Yıldız, A. Ö., Olgun, O, (2010). Effect of xylanase enzyme supplementation to corn-wheat based diets on performance and egg quality in laying hens. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 90(2), 207-212. DOI: 10.4141/CJAS09081. DOI: 10.4141/CJAS09081.
  • Delgado-Vargas, F., Paredes-López, O., Avila-González, E. (1998). Effects of sunlight illumination of marigold flower meals on egg yolk pigmentation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46(2), 698-706. DOI: 10.1021/jf9702454.
  • Düzgüneş, O. (1975). İstatistik Metodlar (İstatistiğe Giriş). A. Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, 576. Ankara.
  • Galobart, J., Sala, R., Rincón-Carruyo, X., Manzanilla, E.G., Vil, B., Gasa, J., (2004). Egg yolk color as affected by saponified oleoresin of red pepper (Capsicum annuum) fed to laying hens. Poultry Science, 69: 462-470.
  • Gurbuz, Y., Yasar, S., Karaman, M. (2003). Effects of addition of the red pepper from 4th harvest to corn or wheat based diets on egg-yolk colour and egg production in laying hens. International Journal of Poultry Science, 2(2), 107-111. DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2003.107.111.
  • Karadas, F., Grammenidis, E., Surai, P. F., Acamovic, T., Sparks, N. H. C. (2006). Effects of carotenoids from lucerne, marigold and tomato on egg yolk pigmentation and carotenoid composition. British Poultry Science, 47(5), 561-566. DOI: 10.1080/00071660600962976.
  • Kim, S. M., Patel, M. B., Reddy, S. J., McGinnis, J. (1976). Effects of different cereal grains in diets for laying hens on production parameters and liver fat content. Poultry science, 55(2), 520-530. DOI: 10.3382/ps.0550520.
  • Kırkpınar, F., Erkek, R. (1999). 2. Sarı mısır temeline dayalı karma yemlere ilave edilen bazı doğal ve sentetik renk maddelerinin yumurta sarısının rengi ve verim üzerine etkileri. Türk Journal Veterinary Animal Science, 23(1), 15-21.
  • Kljak, K., Drdić, M., Karolyi, D., Grbeša, D. (2012). Pigmentation efficiency of Croatian corn hybrids in egg production. Hrvatski časopis za prehrambenu tehnologiju, biotehnologiju i nutricionizam, 7 (Special Issue-7th), 23-27. https://hrcak.srce.hr/82767.
  • Lokaewmanee, K., Yamauchi, K. E., Komori, T., Saito, K. (2010). Effects on egg yolk colour of paprika or paprika combined with marigold flower extracts. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 9(4), e67. DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2010.e67.
  • Minitab, I. N. C. (2000). MINITAB Statistical Software. Minitab Release, 13(0).
  • Moreno, J. A., Díaz-Gómez, J., Fuentes-Font, L., Angulo, E., Gosálvez, L. F., Sandmann, G., Otin, M. P., Capell, T, Zhu, C., Christou, P., Nogareda, C. (2020). Poultry diets containing (keto) carotenoid-enriched maize improve egg yolk color and maintain quality. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 260, 114334. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114334.
  • NRC, (1994). National Research Council. Nutrient Requirement of Poultry. 9th rev. ed. National Academy Press, Washington DC.
  • Olgun, O., Altay, Y., Yıldız, A. Ö. (2018). Effects of carbohydrase enzyme supplementation on performance eggshell quality and bone parameters of laying hens fed on maize and wheat based diets. British Poultry Science, 59(2), 211-217. DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1423677.
  • Rao, S. V. R., Reddy, M. R., Prarharaj, N. K., Shyam Sunder, G. (2000). Laying performance of broiler breeder chickens fed various millets or broken rice as source of energy at a constant nutrient intake. Tropican Animal Health and Production, 32(5), 329-338.
  • Ravindran, V. (2013). Main ingredients used in poultry feed formulations. Poultry Development Review (ed.) FAO, 67-69.
  • Safaa, H. M., Jiménez-Moreno, E., Valencia, D. G., Frikha, M., Serrano, M. P., Mateos, G. G. (2009). Effect of main cereal of the diet and particle size of the cereal on productive performance and egg quality of brown egg-laying hens in early phase of production. Poultry Science, 88(3), 608-614. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00328.
  • Saha, P. K., Chowdhury, S. D., Das, S. C., Saha, S. K. (1999). Replacement value of two Bangladeshi varieties of yellow corn for wheat in the diet of laying chicken. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 12(5), 776-782. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.1999.776.
  • Şenyüz, H. H., Karslı, M. A., Başalan, M. (2015). Kurutulmuş damıtma-tane ve çözünürlerinin (DDGS) hayvan beslemede kullanımı. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 55(2), 82-88.
  • Zheng, Y. W., Zhao, L. H., Wei, Y. M., Ma, Q. G., Ji, C., Zhang, J. Y. (2020). Effects of main cereal type and feed form on production performance, egg quality and egg sanitary indices of laying hens. British Poultry Science, 61(2), 164-168. DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2019.1704685.

The Effect of Diets Containing Yellow Corn and Wheat in Different Ratio on Performance, Egg Shell Quality and Yellow Colour in Laying Hens

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 28 - 36, 17.06.2021

Öz

This study was carried out to determine the effects of 4 different diets of wheat/corn ratio, 100/0, 67/33, 33/67 and 0/100, on performance, egg quality and weekly egg yolk color in laying hens. In the study, which lasted for four weeks (28 days), a total of 60 laying hens at 60 weeks of age were allocated to 4 experimental groups with 5 replications, 3 hens in each pen. As a result of the study, while the body weight change was found to be significantly higher in the group fed with a diet containing wheat than corn source (P <0.05), while the effect of treatment diets on egg production, feed consumption, feed conversion coefficient, egg weight and mass was insignificant (P <0.05). Eggshell strength, shell weight and shell thickness were significantly lower in diets containing only corn-based diet (P <0.05). According to the Roche color scale, there was no difference between the groups in terms of egg yolk color at the beginning of the experiment, while the colour measurements on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days, wheat/corn ratio of 33/67 and 0/100 of groups were significantly higher than the wheat/corn ratio of 67/33 and 100/0 of groups. The lowest colour value was in the group with a 100/0 wheat/corn ratio, that is, the group fed on a wheat-based diet (P <0.05). According to the L *, a * and b * values of the egg yolk colour, there was no significant difference between the groups at the beginning of the experiment. The a * and b * values, which are indicators of yellow and red color, were significantly lower in wheat-based diets on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days of the experiment and an increase was observed in the diet due to the increase in the corn level (P <0.05). The results of this study showed that; when it evaluated in terms of body weight change, eggshell quality parameters and egg yolk colour wheat/corn ratio would be appropriate as 33/67 in the diet, in other words: the diet should contain 40% corn and approximately 20% wheat in laying hens.

Kaynakça

  • Adams, R. L., Carrick, C. W. (1967). A study of the niacin requirement of the laying hen. Poultry Science, 46(3), 712-718. DOI: 10.3382/ps.0460712.
  • Ayaşan, T., Çetinkaya, N., Aykanat, S., Çelik, C. (2020). Nutrient contents and in vitro digestibility of different parts of corn plant. South African Journal of Animal Science, 50(2), 302-309. DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v50i2.13.
  • Brenes, A., Smith, M., Guenter, W., Marquardt, R. R. (1993). Effect of enzyme supplementation on the performance and digestive tract size of broiler chickens fed wheat and barley based diets. Poult Science, 72(9), 1731-1739. DOI: 10.3382/ps.0721731.
  • Briggs, G. M., Groschke, A. C., Lillie, R. J. (1946). Effect of proteins low in tryptophane on growth of chickens and on laying hens receiving nicotinic acid-low rations: One Figure. The Journal of Nutrition, 32(6), 659-675. DOI: 10.1093/jn/32.6.659.
  • Christianson, D. D., Wall, J. S., Dimler, R. J., Booth, A. N. (1968). Nutritionally unavailable niacin in corn. Isolation and biological activity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 16(1), 100-104. DOI: 10.1021/jf60155a008. DOI: 10.1021/jf60155a008.
  • Cufadar, Y., Yıldız, A. Ö., Olgun, O, (2010). Effect of xylanase enzyme supplementation to corn-wheat based diets on performance and egg quality in laying hens. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 90(2), 207-212. DOI: 10.4141/CJAS09081. DOI: 10.4141/CJAS09081.
  • Delgado-Vargas, F., Paredes-López, O., Avila-González, E. (1998). Effects of sunlight illumination of marigold flower meals on egg yolk pigmentation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46(2), 698-706. DOI: 10.1021/jf9702454.
  • Düzgüneş, O. (1975). İstatistik Metodlar (İstatistiğe Giriş). A. Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, 576. Ankara.
  • Galobart, J., Sala, R., Rincón-Carruyo, X., Manzanilla, E.G., Vil, B., Gasa, J., (2004). Egg yolk color as affected by saponified oleoresin of red pepper (Capsicum annuum) fed to laying hens. Poultry Science, 69: 462-470.
  • Gurbuz, Y., Yasar, S., Karaman, M. (2003). Effects of addition of the red pepper from 4th harvest to corn or wheat based diets on egg-yolk colour and egg production in laying hens. International Journal of Poultry Science, 2(2), 107-111. DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2003.107.111.
  • Karadas, F., Grammenidis, E., Surai, P. F., Acamovic, T., Sparks, N. H. C. (2006). Effects of carotenoids from lucerne, marigold and tomato on egg yolk pigmentation and carotenoid composition. British Poultry Science, 47(5), 561-566. DOI: 10.1080/00071660600962976.
  • Kim, S. M., Patel, M. B., Reddy, S. J., McGinnis, J. (1976). Effects of different cereal grains in diets for laying hens on production parameters and liver fat content. Poultry science, 55(2), 520-530. DOI: 10.3382/ps.0550520.
  • Kırkpınar, F., Erkek, R. (1999). 2. Sarı mısır temeline dayalı karma yemlere ilave edilen bazı doğal ve sentetik renk maddelerinin yumurta sarısının rengi ve verim üzerine etkileri. Türk Journal Veterinary Animal Science, 23(1), 15-21.
  • Kljak, K., Drdić, M., Karolyi, D., Grbeša, D. (2012). Pigmentation efficiency of Croatian corn hybrids in egg production. Hrvatski časopis za prehrambenu tehnologiju, biotehnologiju i nutricionizam, 7 (Special Issue-7th), 23-27. https://hrcak.srce.hr/82767.
  • Lokaewmanee, K., Yamauchi, K. E., Komori, T., Saito, K. (2010). Effects on egg yolk colour of paprika or paprika combined with marigold flower extracts. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 9(4), e67. DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2010.e67.
  • Minitab, I. N. C. (2000). MINITAB Statistical Software. Minitab Release, 13(0).
  • Moreno, J. A., Díaz-Gómez, J., Fuentes-Font, L., Angulo, E., Gosálvez, L. F., Sandmann, G., Otin, M. P., Capell, T, Zhu, C., Christou, P., Nogareda, C. (2020). Poultry diets containing (keto) carotenoid-enriched maize improve egg yolk color and maintain quality. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 260, 114334. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114334.
  • NRC, (1994). National Research Council. Nutrient Requirement of Poultry. 9th rev. ed. National Academy Press, Washington DC.
  • Olgun, O., Altay, Y., Yıldız, A. Ö. (2018). Effects of carbohydrase enzyme supplementation on performance eggshell quality and bone parameters of laying hens fed on maize and wheat based diets. British Poultry Science, 59(2), 211-217. DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1423677.
  • Rao, S. V. R., Reddy, M. R., Prarharaj, N. K., Shyam Sunder, G. (2000). Laying performance of broiler breeder chickens fed various millets or broken rice as source of energy at a constant nutrient intake. Tropican Animal Health and Production, 32(5), 329-338.
  • Ravindran, V. (2013). Main ingredients used in poultry feed formulations. Poultry Development Review (ed.) FAO, 67-69.
  • Safaa, H. M., Jiménez-Moreno, E., Valencia, D. G., Frikha, M., Serrano, M. P., Mateos, G. G. (2009). Effect of main cereal of the diet and particle size of the cereal on productive performance and egg quality of brown egg-laying hens in early phase of production. Poultry Science, 88(3), 608-614. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00328.
  • Saha, P. K., Chowdhury, S. D., Das, S. C., Saha, S. K. (1999). Replacement value of two Bangladeshi varieties of yellow corn for wheat in the diet of laying chicken. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 12(5), 776-782. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.1999.776.
  • Şenyüz, H. H., Karslı, M. A., Başalan, M. (2015). Kurutulmuş damıtma-tane ve çözünürlerinin (DDGS) hayvan beslemede kullanımı. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 55(2), 82-88.
  • Zheng, Y. W., Zhao, L. H., Wei, Y. M., Ma, Q. G., Ji, C., Zhang, J. Y. (2020). Effects of main cereal type and feed form on production performance, egg quality and egg sanitary indices of laying hens. British Poultry Science, 61(2), 164-168. DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2019.1704685.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Hayvansal Üretim (Diğer), Veteriner Cerrahi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Behlül Sevim Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-2996-3241

Yusuf Cufadar Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-9606-791X

Barışcan Curabay Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-2605-5838

Yayımlanma Tarihi 17 Haziran 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Sevim, B., Cufadar, Y., & Curabay, B. (2021). Farklı Oranlarda Sarı Mısır ve Buğday İçeren Rasyonların Yumurta Tavuklarında Performans, Yumurta Kabuk Kalitesi ve Sarı Rengi Üzerine Etkisi. Bahri Dağdaş Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 10(1), 28-36.