The Observations of a Cosmopolitan Ottoman on International Relations at the Time of Napoleonic Wars

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 43, 79 - 230, 30.06.2024

Fatih Yeşil

Öz

This study focuses on the treatise written by Safiyesultanzâde İshâk Bey in the beginning of Yusuf Ziya Paşa’s second term of Grand Vizierate (1809). İshâk Bey, one of the Palace servants, started to travel Europe, after his conflict with Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Paşa. One of the important characters who played role in the correspondance between Louis XVI and Prince Selim (III), İshâk Bey turned Istanbul after the accession of Selim III. However, in 1790, he was sent to exile where he stayed until 1793. Joining to the faction of Grand Admiral Küçük Hüseyin Paşa, İshâk Bey played an important role in negotiations during the Napoléonic invasion of Egypt. After the death of his protector, Küçük Hüseyin Paşa, İshâk Bey conducted the negotiations when the British squadron attacked to İstanbul. The treatise, the main subject of this study, was written on the wish of Yusuf Ziya Paşa. The treatise mainly examines the diplomatic developments during the wars of the third and fourth coalitions, aiming to depict the international situation when Yusuf Ziya Paşa was away from Istanbul. In the first part of the article, the physical features of the mecmua and the content of the text are discussed. The identification of the author, providing important information on the European history and interstate relations, the analysis of his knowledge and expertise and his relationship with the addressee are also examined in this part. The second part of the article includes the transcription and the facsimile print of the text.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Safiyesultanzâde İshâk Bey, Napoléonic Wars, Yusuf Ziya Paşa, Ottoman Diplomacy, Selim III

Kozmopolit Bir Osmanlı’nın Napoléon Harpleri Sırasında Dış Politikaya Dair Gözlemleri

Öz

Bu çalışma Safiyesultanzâde İshâk Bey tarafından Sadrazam Yusuf Ziya Paşa’nın ikinci sadaretinin başlarında (1809) kaleme alınmış olan bir risâleyi konu almaktadır. Saray hizmetlilerinden olan İshâk Bey, Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Paşa ile yaşadığı çatışmanın ardından zorunlu Avrupa seyahatlerine başlamıştır. Şehzâde (III.) Selim ile XVI. Louis arasındaki mektuplaşmada rol alan önemli karakterlerden birisi olan İshâk Bey, III. Selim’in tahta çıkışının ardından yeniden İstanbul’a döner. Ancak 1790 senesinde bir kez daha sürgüne gönderilen İshâk Bey, 1793’de affedilir ve İstanbul’a geri dönmesine izin verilir. Kaptanı Derya Küçük Hüseyin Paşa’nın hanesine katılan İshâk Bey, Napoléon’un Mısır işgali sırasında gerçekleşen diplomatik müzakerelerde aktif bir rol üstlenir. Küçük Hüseyin Paşa’nın ölümünün ardından bir kez daha hâmisiz kalan İshâk Bey, İngiltere Donanması’nın 1807’de İstanbul’a gerçekleştirdiği saldırı esnasında yürütülen müzakerelere katılır. Bu çalışma çerçevesinde neşredilen risâle, Yusuf Ziya Paşa’nın, İshâk Bey’den devletler arası ilişkilerde yaşanan gelişmelere dair bilgi istemesi üzerine yazılmıştır. Ağırlıklı olarak üçüncü ve dördüncü koalisyon harpleri esnasındaki diplomatik gelişmeleri ele alan risâle, Yusuf Ziya Paşa’ya İstanbul’dan uzak kaldığı dönemdeki uluslararası durumu tasvir etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde risâlenin bulunduğu mecmua konusunda bilgi verildikten sonra metnin içeriği tartışılmaktadır. Avrupa tarihi ve devletler arası ilişkiler hususunda önemli bilgiler veren müellifin tespiti ve sahip olduğu donanımın tartışılmasının ardından, yazar ve muhatabı arasındaki ilişki ele alınmaktadır. Makalenin ikinci bölümünde metnin transkripsiyonuna ve tıpkı baskısına yer verilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Safiyesultanzâde İshâk Bey, Napoléon Harpleri, Yusuf Ziya Paşa, Osmanlı Dip-lomasisi, III. Selim

Kaynakça

• Arşiv Kaynakları
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• Hatt-ı Hümâyûn (HAT): 1667, 7975, 56995.
• Cevdet Zaptiye (C. Zaptiye): 683.
• Ali Emiri, III. Selim: 9132.
• Cevdet Maliye: 2030.
• Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Arşivi (TSMA.),
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• Defter (d.): 2095, 2098, 2099, 3405, 8052.
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• Riksarkivet,
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