THE POLICY OF COLLECTIVIZATION IN KAZAKHSTAN BASED ON THE FORM OF SOCIALIST RESTRUCTURING OF STALIN IN THE SOVIET UNION

Öz

The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 had different effects on the history of the Turkish peoples living in this geography. The main goal of Soviet historiography was the Bolshevik revolution and the confirmation of the victory of communism. In the modern stage of development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the interest of researchers in the national history of the 1920-1930s has increased. This is a completely natural phenomenon, since it was during this period that the foundations of Soviet society were laid. One of the most important scientific aspects of the historical development of the country in the Republic of Kazakhstan is the history of the Stalinist policy of the Soviet government during the 20-30 years of the 20th century, known as the ‘the Great terror and in the mass repression’. The Soviet Union aimed to weaken the traditional economy of Kazakhs. That policy is considered, mainly, as the history of Stalin’s rule. The article covers the following points: how the Soviet Union destroyed the traditional structure of Kazakh people during the years of Stalin's rule, collectivization and the idea of collective farms, confiscation policy, public protest against Stalin’s collectivization policy and population losses. Thus, a large-scale plan of forced collectivization led not only to the economic crisis of live- stock farming households of Kazakhstan, but also in social and demographic conse- quences in Kazakhstan. This study is based on some historical data from the Soviet sources.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kazakhstan
• collectivization
• repression
• starvation
• Stalin’s rule
• confiscation
• public protests

THE POLICY OF COLLECTIVIZATION DRİVE IN KAZAKHSTAN BASED ON THE FORM OF SOCIALIST RESTRUCTURING REFORM IN THE SOVIET UNION

Öz

Sovyetler Birliğinin 1991’de dağılması, bu coğrafyada yaşayan Türk halklarının tarihine farklı gelişmeler ortaya çıkarmıştır. Sovyetler Birliği döneminde ideolojik baskıya rağmen yapılan farklı çalışmaları ve araştırmalar sorgulanmaya başlanmıştır. Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti’nin modern gelişim döneminde, 1920-1930'lu yıllardaki ulusal tarihine araştırmacıların ilgisi artmıştır. Bu tamamen doğal bir olgudur, çünkü bu süre zarfında Sovyet toplumunun temelleri atılmıştır. Yeniden yapılanma politikası kamu bilincinde bir dünya görüşü darbesi yaparak tarih bilimini Komünist rejimin ideolojik etkilerinden ve şablonlarından kurtarmıştır. Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti’ndeki modern tarihsel durumun bir özelliği, ülkenin tarihsel gelişiminin önemli olaylarını kapsayan iki bilimsel yönün varlığıdır. Her iki akımın ana konuları, Kazakistan'ın Rusya'ya girişi, Kazakların Ulusal Kurtuluş hareketleri, Rus sömürge etkileri ve Sovyet döneminde Sovyet hükümetinin politikalarına katılma sorunları olmuştur. Bu yönlerden birinin bir parçası olarak, XX. yy’ın başlarında 1920-1930'lu yıllardaki “En Büyük Zülüm Yılları” erken Sovyet kavramı sayılmaktadır. Sovyet döneminin “En Büyük Zülüm Yılları” Sovyet İktidarı’nın Kazak geleneksel ekonomisinin sosyo-ekonomik formlarını zayıflatma ve ulusal kültürünü yok etme politikasını uyguladığı yıllardır. Bu yön, kazak halkının "tarihsel rolünü küçümsemek" için bazı "tarihsel adaletsizlik" ile ilişkili aşırı önyargıyı karakterize etmektedir. Bu aşırı duygusal yüklü yaklaşım, sosyal ilişkiler ve göçebe yaşamı Kazakistan'ın tüm sömürge öncesi dönemini bir bütün olarak yansıtan çok sayıdaki eserlerin ortaya çıkmasıyla ilişkilidir. Makalede, Stalin'in yönetimi yıllarında Sovyet gücünün Kazakistan'daki tüm geleneksel yapısın kaldırılması, Kazak halkının geleneksel ekonomisinin sosyo-ekonomik biçimlerini zayıflatmak için önlemler, Sovyetler Birliği'nin kolektifleştirme, müsadere politikası ve kollektifleştirme politikasına karşı halk protestosu hususların kapsamaktadır. Zorla kollektifleştirmenin geniş ölçekli planı sadece Kazakistan'daki hayvan çiftliklerinde ekonomik krize yol açmakla kalmadı, aynı zamanda Kazakistan'da sosyo-demografik sonuçlara da yol açmıştır. Bu çalışma, Sovyet kaynaklarından elde edilen tarihsel verilere dayanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sovyetler Birligi
• Kazakistan
• Kolektifleştirme
• Stalin
• açlık
• müsadere
• halk protestoları
• baskı

Kaynakça

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