Araştırma Makalesi
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A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE OTTOMAN COTTON GOODS MARKET BY THE EARLY 1900s

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 23, 305 - 322, 01.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.33431/belgi.931906

Öz

The Ottoman Empire was invaded by imported cotton goods in the 19th century and the developed countries, led by England, which wanted to export their cotton goods dominated the Ottoman cotton goods market through the free trade agreements signed at that period. The Unites States of America, which experienced a rapid industrialization process in the second half of the 19th century, became one of the most important industrialized countries with increasing production volumes. As a natural consequence of this process, America began to seek markets to export its industrial goods. In this context, the United States of America, which became a part of the rising competition among the developed industrialized countries particularly by the 1900s, sought the ways of increasing its share in the Ottoman market. The cotton clothes was one of the goods that America aimed to increase its exportation to the Ottoman Empire. For this purpose, the representatives of the American state in the Ottoman Empire and special agents prepared very detailed reports on the Ottoman cotton goods market. These reports would be the main sources of this study and the main features of the Ottoman cotton goods market by the early 1900s will be presented in the light of American evaluations. On the other hand, it will be demonstrated that the imperialist expansion builds on a serious information gathering process and it will be revealed what kind of competition emerged among the countries with developed industries in order to control the market of underdeveloped countries such as the Ottoman Empire.

Kaynakça

  • 19. Yüzyılda Osmanlı Dış Ticareti Tarihi İstatistikler Dizisi Cilt 1, haz. Şevket Pamuk, Ankara, T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü, 1995.
  • Aybar, Celal, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Ticaret Muvazenesi 1878-1913, Ankara, Zerbamat Basımevi, 1939.
  • Boratav, Korkut, Türkiye İktisat Tarihi 1908-2005, Ankara, İmge Kitabevi, 2007.
  • Carson, John M., “Trade in the Near East”, Levant Trade Review, Vol. 1 No 1 (1911), ss.16-26.
  • Clark, W. A. Graham, (special Agent of the Department of Commerce and Labor), Cotton Textile Trade in Turkish Empire, Greece and Italy, Washington, Government Printing Office, 1908.
  • English, Beth, A Common Thread: Labor, Politics, and Capital Mobility in the Textile Industry, Georgia, The University of Georgia Press, 2006. Flake, Wilson C., Government Publications Relating to Textiles, Washington, Government Printing Office, 1927.
  • Gillespie, Julian E., Turkish Cotton-Goods Market, Supplement to Commerce Reports, Trade Information Bulletin, no.171 (December 24, 1923),Washington, Government Printing Office, 1923.
  • Gordon, Leland James, American Relations with Turkey 1830-1930, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1932.
  • Karakoç, Ercan, Hasan Küçük, “Turkish-American Commercial Relations (1908-1930): The Success of Trade-The Failure of Investment”, Journal of History, Culture and Art Research, Vol. 9 No. 4 (2020), ss. 1-18.
  • Levant Trade Review, Vol. 2 No. 2 (1912), s. 189.
  • Odell, Ralph M., Cotton Goods in the Balkan States, transmitted to Congress in Compliance with the Act of March 4, 1911, Authorizing Investigations of Trade Conditions Abroad, Washington, Government Printing Office, 1912.
  • Odell, Ralph M., Cotton Goods in Turkey Part I, U.S. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Special Agents Series, No. 54, Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, 1912.
  • Pamuk, Şevket, “The Decline and Resistance of Ottoman Cotton Textiles 1820-1913”, Explorations in Economic History, 23, ss. 205-225.
  • Pamuk, Şevket, Jeffrey G. Williamson, “Ottoman de-industrialization, 1800–1913: assessing the magnitude, impact, and response”, The Economic History Review, 64, S1 (2011), pp. 159–184.
  • Quataert, Donald, Sanayi Devrimi Çağında Osmanlı İmalat Sektörü, İstanbul, İletişim Yayınları, 1999.
  • Ravndal, G. Bie, “Commercial Review of Turkey”, Daily Consular and Trade Reports No. 154-230 Vol. 3 July, August and September 1912, Washington, Government Printing Office, 1912, ss. 33-52.
  • Ravndal, G. Bie, “Cotton Goods in Turkey”, Levant Trade Review, Vol. 5 No. 3 (1915), ss. 292-296.
  • Ravndal, G. Bie, “Italian Trade with Turkey”, Daily Consular and Trade Reports, No.230-305, Vol. 4, October, November, December 1911, ss. 796-797.
  • Ravndal, G. Bie, “Turkey”, Supplements to Commerce Reports Review of Industrial and Trade Conditions in Foreign Countries in 1914 by American Consular Officers Volume I-Europe, Washington, Government Printing Office 1916 (No.18d, October 23, 1915), ss. 1-19.
  • Turgay, A. Üner, “Ottoman-American Trade During the Nineteenth Century”, Osmanlı Araştırmaları, III (1982), ss. 189-246.
  • Tyson, R. E., “The Cotton Industry”, Derek H. Aldcroft ed. The Development of British Industry and Foreign Competition 1875-1914, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2018, ss. 100-127.

AMERİKAN RAPORLARI ÜZERİNDEN OSMANLI PAMUKLU ÜRÜNLER PİYASASINA KISA BİR BAKIŞ

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 23, 305 - 322, 01.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.33431/belgi.931906

Öz

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu 19. yüzyılda ithal pamuklu ürünlerin istilasına uğramış ve başta İngiltere olmak üzere pamuklu ürünlerini ihraç etmek isteyen gelişmiş ülkeler, bu dönemde imzaladıkları serbest ticaret anlaşmalarının da etkisiyle Osmanlı pamuklu ürün pazarını domine eder hale gelmişlerdir. 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında hızlı bir sanayileşme süreci yaşayan Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, artan üretim hacmi ile dünyanın en önemli endüstri ülkelerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Bu sürecin doğal sonucu olarak Amerika’nın endüstri ürünlerini ihraç edeceği pazar arayışına girdiği görülmektedir. Özellikle 1900’ler itibarıyla dünyada sanayileşmiş ülkeler arasında artan rekabetin bir parçası olan Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, bu kapsamda Osmanlı pazarında payını arttırmanın yollarını aramıştır. Amerika’nın Osmanlı Devleti’ne ihracını arttırmayı hedeflediği ürünlerden biri de pamuklu kumaşlardı. Bu amaçla, Osmanlı topraklarında bulunan Amerikan devleti temsilcileri ve özel uzmanlar tarafından Osmanlı pamuklu ürünler pazarı üzerine ayrıntılı raporlar hazırlanmıştır. Bahsi geçen raporlar bu çalışmanın başlıca kaynağı olacak ve Amerikan değerlendirmeleri ışığında Osmanlı pamuklu ürünler pazarının 1900’lerin başı itibarıyla temel özellikleri ortaya konacaktır. Bir yandan da emperyalist yayılmanın ciddi bir bilgi toplama süreci üzerine kurulduğu gösterilecek ve Osmanlı Devleti gibi gelişmemiş ülkelerin piyasasını kontrol edebilmek için sanayisi gelişmiş ülkeler arasında nasıl bir rekabet yaşandığı da ortaya konacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • 19. Yüzyılda Osmanlı Dış Ticareti Tarihi İstatistikler Dizisi Cilt 1, haz. Şevket Pamuk, Ankara, T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü, 1995.
  • Aybar, Celal, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Ticaret Muvazenesi 1878-1913, Ankara, Zerbamat Basımevi, 1939.
  • Boratav, Korkut, Türkiye İktisat Tarihi 1908-2005, Ankara, İmge Kitabevi, 2007.
  • Carson, John M., “Trade in the Near East”, Levant Trade Review, Vol. 1 No 1 (1911), ss.16-26.
  • Clark, W. A. Graham, (special Agent of the Department of Commerce and Labor), Cotton Textile Trade in Turkish Empire, Greece and Italy, Washington, Government Printing Office, 1908.
  • English, Beth, A Common Thread: Labor, Politics, and Capital Mobility in the Textile Industry, Georgia, The University of Georgia Press, 2006. Flake, Wilson C., Government Publications Relating to Textiles, Washington, Government Printing Office, 1927.
  • Gillespie, Julian E., Turkish Cotton-Goods Market, Supplement to Commerce Reports, Trade Information Bulletin, no.171 (December 24, 1923),Washington, Government Printing Office, 1923.
  • Gordon, Leland James, American Relations with Turkey 1830-1930, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1932.
  • Karakoç, Ercan, Hasan Küçük, “Turkish-American Commercial Relations (1908-1930): The Success of Trade-The Failure of Investment”, Journal of History, Culture and Art Research, Vol. 9 No. 4 (2020), ss. 1-18.
  • Levant Trade Review, Vol. 2 No. 2 (1912), s. 189.
  • Odell, Ralph M., Cotton Goods in the Balkan States, transmitted to Congress in Compliance with the Act of March 4, 1911, Authorizing Investigations of Trade Conditions Abroad, Washington, Government Printing Office, 1912.
  • Odell, Ralph M., Cotton Goods in Turkey Part I, U.S. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Special Agents Series, No. 54, Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, 1912.
  • Pamuk, Şevket, “The Decline and Resistance of Ottoman Cotton Textiles 1820-1913”, Explorations in Economic History, 23, ss. 205-225.
  • Pamuk, Şevket, Jeffrey G. Williamson, “Ottoman de-industrialization, 1800–1913: assessing the magnitude, impact, and response”, The Economic History Review, 64, S1 (2011), pp. 159–184.
  • Quataert, Donald, Sanayi Devrimi Çağında Osmanlı İmalat Sektörü, İstanbul, İletişim Yayınları, 1999.
  • Ravndal, G. Bie, “Commercial Review of Turkey”, Daily Consular and Trade Reports No. 154-230 Vol. 3 July, August and September 1912, Washington, Government Printing Office, 1912, ss. 33-52.
  • Ravndal, G. Bie, “Cotton Goods in Turkey”, Levant Trade Review, Vol. 5 No. 3 (1915), ss. 292-296.
  • Ravndal, G. Bie, “Italian Trade with Turkey”, Daily Consular and Trade Reports, No.230-305, Vol. 4, October, November, December 1911, ss. 796-797.
  • Ravndal, G. Bie, “Turkey”, Supplements to Commerce Reports Review of Industrial and Trade Conditions in Foreign Countries in 1914 by American Consular Officers Volume I-Europe, Washington, Government Printing Office 1916 (No.18d, October 23, 1915), ss. 1-19.
  • Turgay, A. Üner, “Ottoman-American Trade During the Nineteenth Century”, Osmanlı Araştırmaları, III (1982), ss. 189-246.
  • Tyson, R. E., “The Cotton Industry”, Derek H. Aldcroft ed. The Development of British Industry and Foreign Competition 1875-1914, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2018, ss. 100-127.
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Oya Gözel Durmaz 0000-0002-1518-192X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Mayıs 2021
Kabul Tarihi 27 Ekim 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Sayı: 23

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Gözel Durmaz, Oya. “AMERİKAN RAPORLARI ÜZERİNDEN OSMANLI PAMUKLU ÜRÜNLER PİYASASINA KISA BİR BAKIŞ”. Belgi Dergisi, sy. 23 (Ocak 2022): 305-22. https://doi.org/10.33431/belgi.931906.