Ortaokul Öğrencilerinde İp Atlama ve Basketbol Beceri Öğrenimi Müdahalelerinin Fiziksel Aktivite Davranışları Üzerindeki Etkileri: Deneysel Bir Çalışma

Öz

Motor beceri yeterliğinin fiziksel aktiviteye (FA) katılım üzerinde olumlu etkisi olduğu yönündeki görüş, beden eğitimi alanındaki araştırmacılar ve fiziksel aktivite savunucuları tarafından sıklıkla dile getirilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, bu konudaki çalışmaların çoğu temel motor becerilerin etkisine odaklanmış, spora özgü becerilere ise daha az yer vermiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, iki farklı spora özgü beceri müdahalesinin (ip atlama [JR] ve basketbol [BB]) öğrencilerin altı farklı bağlamdaki FA davranışları üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmada deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Altıncı sınıfta öğrenim gören öğrencilerden oluşan dört sınıf (N = 118), rastgele ip atlama veya basketbol öğrenme grubuna atanmıştır. Öğrencilerin ip atlama ve basketbol beceri düzeyleri ile altı bağlamdaki FA düzeyleri müdahalelerden önce ve sonra ölçülmüştür. İp atlama grubu ip atlama becerisinde daha fazla gelişim gösterirken basketbol grubu pas verme ve şut becerilerinde daha fazla gelişim göstermiştir. Basketbolda top sürme becerisindeki gelişim farkı ise istatistiksel olarak desteklenmemiştir. FA’daki anlamlı farklı değişimler yalnızca, uygulanan müdahaleyle eşleşen spora özgü serbest oyun bağlamında gözlenmiştir. Toplam serbest oyun sırasındaki FA’da veya okul dışındaki FA davranışlarında anlamlı farklı değişimler bulunmamıştır. Bulgular, motor beceri yeterliğinin FA davranışını olumlu etkilediğine ilişkin genel ifadelerin ihtiyatla değerlendirilmesi gerektiğine işaret etmektedir. Ayrıca, bu olumlu ilişkinin kısmen geliştirilen beceri ile FA davranışının ölçüldüğü bağlamın örtüşmesine bağlı olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Spora özgü beceri yeterliği
• fiziksel aktivite davranışı
• ortaokul öğrencileri
• ip atlama
• basketbol

Effects of Jump Rope and Basketball Skill Learning Interventions on Physical Activity Behaviors in Middle School Students: An Experimental Study

Öz

The assertion that motor skill proficiency has a positive impact on PA engagement is frequently cited by physical education scholars and physical activity advocates. However, the majority of these studies have focused on the impact of fundamental motor skills, with far less attention given to sport-specific skills. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of two specific sport skill interventions (jump rope [JR] and basketball [BB]) on students’ PA behavior in six contexts. An experimental design was adopted. Four classes of sixth grade students (N=118) were randomly assigned to a JR or BB learning group. Students JR and BB skill levels, and their PA levels in six contexts were measured before and after the interventions. The JR group demonstrated greater gains in JR skill, whereas the BB group demonstrated greater gains in basketball passing and shooting; differential improvement in basketball dribbling was not statistically supported. Significant differential changes in PA were observed only in the sport-specific free-play context that matched the assigned intervention. No significant differential changes were observed in total-free-play PA or out-of-school PA behaviors. The findings suggest that broad claims that motor skill competence positively influences PA behavior should be interpreted cautiously and indicate that any positive relationship may depend, in part, on the alignment between the skill being developed and the context in which PA behavior is assessed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sport skill competence
• physical activity behavior
• middle school students
• jump rope
• basketball

Kaynakça

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