ISLAMIC BANKING AND SHARĪ‘AH SCHOLARS IN NIGERIA

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 85 - 112, 12.02.2017

Muritala Kewuyemi Kareem

Öz

Compliance with sharī‘ah - rules is compulsory for all Islamic banks; and such compliance is
monitored by sharī‘ah scholars.
Therefore, the paper examines and gauges the level of understanding of Nigerian
sharī‘ah scholars (the custodians of sharī‘ah
rules in the country) and their perceptions of the Islamic banking and its
rules particularly interest (ribā). Survey method involving the
use of purposive sampling was adopted to administer 1,040 copies of a
questionnaire on the Nigerian
Sharī‘ah scholars though some key people were also interviewed. The
questionnaire which contains 19 items was designed to elicit information from
them on issues such as their understanding of ribā, its uses in the
Qur’an, Islamic banking products, collateral security and promotion (promos). Our findings revealed that the respondents (917) who considered usury
to be forbidden were more than those who considered (871) interest to be
forbidden. A large number of Sharī‘ah scholars (93.6%)
confused interest with usury which suggests that both interest and usury refer
to ribā. Some believed that only usury refers to ribā (48.6%)
while most of the respondents (74.1%) opined that all forms of interest are
prohibited. About 73.7%, 86.3% and 27.6% of the respondents believed rahn
(collateral security), innovating interest-free financial products and
patronising conventional banks respectively were allowed. banking and
finance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Islamic banking, sharī‘ah scholars, ribā (interest/usury), Nigeria, collateral

NİJERYA’DA İSLAMİ BANKACILIK VE İSLAM ALİMLERİ

Öz

Şeriat İslami
bankaların uymak zorunda olduğu kurallar bütünüdür ve İslam alimleri bu
bankaların şeriata uygunluğunu denetlerler. Bu makale Nijerya’daki İslam
alimlerinin İslami bankacılık ve özellikle riba gibi onun kuralları hakkındaki
anlayışını ve görüşlerini incelemektedir. Seçici örneklemle 1400 adetlik anket
formları Nijerya’daki İslam alimlerine dağıtılmıştır. Ayrıca, bazı anahtar şahsiyetlerle
de yüzyüze görüşmeyle anket yapılmıştır. Anket sorularında 19 kısım
bulunmaktadır ve İslam alimlerinin riba, Kur’an’daki ribanın kullanımları,
İslami bankacılık ürünleri, teminatlar ve teşvikler konularındaki görüşlerini
tespit etmek için oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen bulgulara göre tefeci faizinin
yasaklandığını düşünenler (917) faizin yasaklandığını düşünenlerden (871) daha
fazladır. İslam alimlerinin % 93.6’sı tefeci faizi ile faizin riba’yla aynı
olduğunu ifade edecek şekilde cevap vermişlerdir. Cevap verenlerin çoğu (%74.1)
faizin bütün çeşitlerinin yasaklandığını ifade ederken bazıları (%48,6)’sadece
tefecilik faizinin riba olduğunu söylemiştir. İslam alimleri sırasıyla, %73,7,
%86.3, ve %27,6 oranlarda teminatların, faizsiz finasal ürünler geliştirmenin,
ve konvansiyonel bankaların müşterisi olmanın müsaade edildiğini düşünmektedirler.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İslami bankacılık, İslam alimleri, riba, Nijerya, teminat

Kaynakça

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