Bilgi Çağında Demokrasiye Geçiş Tartışmaları

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 109 - 126, 01.12.2009

Doç. Dr.yılmaz Bingöl

Öz

Twenty years ago in 1989, the Berlin Wall and eight years ago in 2001, the Twin Towers in New York were destroyed. The former has paved way to the debate on democratic transition in the post-communist world, while the latter on the relationship between Islam and democracy in the Muslim world. This study argues that although a single democracy debate has been established on the ashes of these two destructions, there has been a double standard in the context of democracy debate for these two different worlds. In this regard, after the destruction of the Twin Towers, democracy has been reassessed as an antidote for the radical movements in the Islamic world. Nevertheless, these debates, parallel to the “civilization clash” rhetoric, have been quite superficial, biased, offensive, philosophical and theological toward religious and cultural aspects of the Muslim world. Conversely, after the destruction of the Berlin Wall, democracy as an alternative system for the new post-communist countries in the new era has been discussed in detailed, comprehensive, objective, constructive, scholarly and empirical manner. This study analyzes in detail the debates on the democratic transition after the collapse of the communist totalitarian systems in the 1990s. The study aims to contribute to the imminent comparative analyses on democracy in two different worlds.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Information Age, Democracy, Democratic Transition

BİLGİ ÇAĞINDA DEMOKRASİYE GEÇİŞ TARTIŞMALARI

Öz

Bundan yirmi yıl önce 1989 yılında Berlin Duvarı, sekiz yıl önce 2001 yılında ise New York'taki İkiz Kuleler yıkıldı. Birinci yıkım, post-komünist dünyada demokrasiye geçiş tartışmalarını alevlendirirken; ikinci yıkım İslam ve demokrasi arasındaki ilişkinin yeniden irdelenmesini beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu çalışma, iki yıkımın külleri üzerine tek bir demokrasi tartışması bina edilmesine rağmen, iki dünyadaki demokrasi tartışmalarının mahiyetinde bir çifte standart olduğunu ileri sürecektir. Bu bağlamda, İkiz Kuleler'in yıkılması sonrasında İslam dünyasında radikal akımların bir panzehiri olarak demokrasi yeniden irdelenmiş, ancak tartışmalar “medeniyetler çatışması” retoriğine paralel bir şekilde genel olarak oldukça yüzeysel, önyargılı, suçlayıcı, dini ve kültürel yapıya yönelik felsefik ve teolojik bir mahiyette seyretmiştir. Buna mukabil, Berlin Duvarı'nın yıkılması sonrasında post-komünist ülkelerde yeni dönemde muhtemel bir yönetim şekli olarak demokrasi ile ilgili oldukça kapsamlı, objektif, ciddi, yapıcı, kurumlara ve yeniden yapılanmaya yönelik bilimsel ve ampirik tartışmalar yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, komünizme dayalı totaliter rejimlerin yıkılmasının ardından 1990'lı yıllarda ortaya çıkan “demokrasiye geçiş” tartışmaları ayrıntılı bir şekilde irdelenecektir. Bu çalışmanın, iki farklı dünyadaki demokrasi tartışmalarının mahiyeti ile ilgili daha sonra yapılabilecek ayrıntılı karşılaştırmalı analizlere zemin hazırlaması umulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bilgi Çağı, Demokrasiye Geçiş

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