THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY AND PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES

Yıl 2008, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 67 - 82, 01.06.2008

Prof. Dr.susanne M. Bruyère

Öz

.

Anahtar Kelimeler

xx

THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY AND PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES

Öz

It is timely and imperative that the issues surrounding employment of people with disabilities be addressed because, despite significant efforts globally to improve upon the employment and social integration status of people with disabilities, significant disparities between the status of people with disabilities and their non-disabled peers remains. According to statistics from the American Community Survey (ACS), in 2005 the employment rate of people aged 16-64 with sensory, physical, mental, and/or self-care disabilities was 37.5%, compared to 74.5% for people the same age without disabilities (Houtenville, Erickson, & Lee, 2007). In addition, the percentage of working age men and women with a disability in the United States with incomes below the poverty line was 25% in 2005 (Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Disability Demographics and Statistics, 2007). Similar prevalence rates and employment and income disparities exist globally. In the European Union (EU), for example, almost 15% of EU working age population (ages 16-64) has a disability. In that age group in the EU, 62 % of those reporting no disability, 46 % of those reporting a moderate disability and 24 % of those reporting a severe disability are in work. Almost 70 % of those reporting a severe disability and somewhat less than half of those reporting a moderate disability are inactive; among those reporting no disability, 30 % are inactive (Eurostat, 2001).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Knowledge Economy , People, People With Disabilities

Kaynakça

• Abt Associates (2006, September). Improving Results for Students with Disabilities: Key Findings from the 1997 National Assessment Studies. Bethesda, MD: Author.
• Boser, U. (2003, October 20). Working on what works best. U.S. News&World Report 135(13), 58-61.
• Bruyère, S. (2000). Disability Employment Policies and Practices in Private and Federal Sector Organizations. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations Extension Division, Employment and Disability Institute.
• Bruyère , S. (2006). The Measurement of Discrimination and Inequalities: Conceptualization and Methodological Issues. Paper prepared for the International Labour Office Research Consultation on Equity and Work, May 23-24, Geneva, Switzerland.
• Bruyère , S., Erickson, E., & VanLooy, S. (2005). Information technology and the workplace: Implications for persons with disabilities. Disability Studies Quarterly, 25(2).
• Bruyère , S. Erickson, E., and VanLooy, S. (2006a). The impact of business size on employer ADA response. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin 49(4), 194-206.
• Bruyère , S. Erickson, E., and VanLooy, S. (2006b). Information technology (IT) accessibility: Implications for employment of people with disabilities. Work, 27(4), 397-405
• Bruyère , S., Houtenville, A., & Ruiz-Quintanilla, A. (in process). Trends in Disability Employment Discrimination Claims: Implications for Rehabilitation Counseling Practice, Administration, Training and Research.
• Bruyère, S., Houtenville, A., Ruiz-Quintanilla, A. (in review). Age and disability employment discrimination : Management and public policy implications. Academy of Management Journal.
• Bruyère, S., Houtenville, A., Ruiz-Quintanilla, A., Schwab, S., Daly-Rooney, R., Taylor, B., and Lanvers, C. (in press). Comparison of employment disability discrimination claims with other statutes across U.S. Equal Opportunity Commission and Fair Employment Practice Agencies nationally. Kluwer Law International.
• Bruyere, S. & Ruiz-Quintanilla, A. (2002). Implications of the Information Technology Revolution for People with Disabilities from a Labour Market and Training Perspective. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, Employment and disability Institute/International Labour Organisation.
• Cardinali, R., & Gordon, Z. (2002). Technology: Making things easier for all of us—For the disabled making things possible. Equal Opportunities International, 21(1), 65-79.
• Conhaim, W. (1998, November). The Internet: Employment. Link-Up 15 (6). Retrieved July 3, 2001, from OCLC FirstSearch.
• Cullen, R. (2003). The digital divide: A global and national call to action. The Electronic Library, 21(3), 247-257.
• Dobransky, K., & Hargittai, E. (2006. The disability divide in Internet access and use. Information, Communication & Society, 9(3), 313-334.
• Erickson, W., Trerise, S., Lee, C., VanLooy, S., & Bruyere, S. (2007). Research Brief: Web Based Student Processes at Community Colleges – Removing Barriers to Access. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Employment and Disability Institute.
• Erickson, W., Trerise, S., Lee, C., Knowlton, S., VanLooy, S., & Bruyere, S. (2007). Web- based Student Processes at Community Colleges A Survey of Accessibility and Usability. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Employment and Disability Institute.
• Erickson, W., Trerise, S., Lee, C., & Bruyere, S. (2007). Survey of Web Accessibility Policies and Practices at Community Colleges. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Employment and Disability Institute.
• Eurostat. (2001). Disability and Social Participation in Europe. Brussels: Author. Retrieved December 3, 2007from http://epp.eurostat.cec.eu.int/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-AW-01- 001/EN/KS-AW-01-001-EN.PDF
• Gerber, E. (2002). Surfing by ear: Usability concerns of computer users who are blind or visually impaired." Access World 3(1). Retrieved October 15, 2004 from http://www.afb.org/afbpress/pub.asp?DocID=AW030107&Mode=Print
• Gill, J. (2001, July 18). Now hiring. Apply online; Forget newspaper ads. More and more companies are snapping up new employees via the net, either on their own sites or through job boards. Business Week Online. Retrieved August 7, 2001, from Dow Jones Interactive.
• How online recruiting changes the hiring game (2001, February 22). Knowledge@Wharton. Wharton Center for Human Resources, University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved May 30, 2001, from http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/articles.cfm?catid=10&articleid=314.
• Houtenville, A. J., Erickson, W. A., Lee, C. G. (2007, March 16). Disability Statistics from the American Community Survey (ACS). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Disability Demographics and Statistics (StatsRRTC). Retrieved December 5, 2007 from www.disabilitystatistics.org.
• Hvinden, B/. (2003). The uncertain convergence of disability policies in Western Europe. Social Policy & Administration, 37(6), 609-624.
• Jackson-Sanborn, E., Odess-Harnish, K., & Warren, N. (2001, May 30). Website accessibility: a study of ADA compliance (working paper). Retrieved November 27, 2001 from http://www.ils.unc.edu/ils/research/reports/accessibility.pdf.
• Kanter, R. (2001, February 1). You are here: E-culture survey. Inc. Magazine. Retrieved April 9, 2001 from http://www.inc.com/articles/details/printable/0,3535,CID22345_REG14,00.html.
• Kaye, H. S. (2000). Computer and Internet use among people with disabilities. Disability Statistics Report (13). Washington DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research.
• Klironomos, I., Antona, M., Basdekis, I., & Stephanidis, C. (2006). White paper: Promoting design for all and e-accessibility in Europe. Universal Access Information Society, 5, 105-119.
• Light, J. (2001). Separate but equal: Reasonable accommodation in the information age. Journal of the American Planning Association, 67(3), 263-278.
• Minton, E. (1998). Professionals with disabilities: Assistive technology; common sense and imagination. EEO Bi-Monthly, 30(3), 16-20.
• Moody, J., Beise, C., Woszcyzynski, A., & Myers, M. (2003). Diversity and the information technology workforce: Barriers and opportunities. The Journal of Computer Information Systems, 43(4), 63-71.
• National Center for Education Statistics (2000). Stats in Brief: Postsecondary Students with Disabilities: Enrollment, Services, and Persistence. NCES Report No. 2000-092.
• No postage necessary: Survey shows executives prefer to receive resumes via e-mail [Press release]. (2000, October 4). Menlo Park, CA: OfficeTeam. Retrieved August 7, 2001, from http://www.officeteam.com/OT/Dispatcher?file=/OT/Press100400.
• Noel-Levitz (2006a) E-Recruiting practices report: Summary of findings at two-year and four-year institutions. Retrieved July 15, 2007 from http://www.noellevitz.com/
• Noel-Levitz (2006b). Navigating toward E-recruitment: Ten revelations about intereracting with college-bound high school students. Retrieved December 15, 2006 from https://www.noellevitz.com/NR/rdonlyres/B161BA60-E3C9-425C-9964- FB1026D68AC3/0/EEXPECTATIONS_paper_0705.pdf
• North Carolina State University (2004). Assistive Technology in Higher Education Survey Report. Retrieved July 18, 2005 from http://www.ncsu.edu/it/dss/survey_report.html
• O’Donnell, S. (2005). IT education and training for disadvantaged students: Lessons from Europe. IEEE Technology & Society Magazine, 24(3), 23-31.
• Proctor, D. (2005). Accessible technology and accommodation for postsecondary students with disabilities. A dissertation submitted n partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Education, Walden University.
• Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Disability Demographics and Statistics. (2007). 2006 Disability Status Reports. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University. Retrieved December 4, 2007 from http://www.disabilitystatistics.org
• Rosenwald, M. (2000, November 26). Online recruiting surviving volatility. The Boston Globe, p. G2.
• Schrage, M. (2000, May 15). E-commodating the disabled in the workplace. Fortune, 141(10), 502.
• Society for Human Resource Management. (2001). Search Tactics Poll (report from the SHRM Survey Program). Alexandria, VA: Author. Retrieved August 20, 2001, from: http://www.careerjournal.com/special/20010405-shrmpoll.pdf.
• Towers Perrin. (2001a). 2003 HR service center survey. Retrieved November 12, 2004, from http://www.towersperrin.com/hrservices/webcache/towers/United_States/publications/ Reports/2003_HR_Service_Delivery/HR_Web.pdf.
• Towers Perrin. (2001b). e-Track: A rocky relationship moves slowly onto firmer ground: Executive Summary. Retrieved October 29, 2001, from http://www.towers.com/towers/publications/e-track_exec_summary/Tp_e- track_exec_sum.pdf.
• U.S. Census Bureau (2004). U. S. Census Bureau population projects. Retrieved March 17, 2005 from http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/usinterimproj/
• Weathers II, R. R. (2006). Disability Prevalence Rates For an Aging Workforce. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Employment Policy.