Araştırma Makalesi
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SAVAŞIN FİNANSMANI: ALMANYA'NIN I. DÜNYA SAVAŞINDA BORÇLA BESLENEN KUMARI

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 204 - 229, 17.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.14514/beykozad.1630267
https://izlik.org/JA72AF78ZM

Öz

Bu makale, Almanya'nın I. Dünya Savaşı sırasında ağırlıklı olarak vergilendirme yerine borçlanmaya dayanan savaş finansmanı stratejisini analiz etmektedir. Her ikisi de mali yükü dağıtmak için savaş zamanı vergileri uygulayan Fransa ve Birleşik Krallık'ın aksine, Almanya savaş çabalarını büyük ölçüde savaş tahvilleri ve merkez bankası kredisi yoluyla finanse etmiştir. Bu yaklaşım, hızlı bir zafer inancına ve savaş sonrası tazminatların maliyetleri hafifleteceği beklentisine dayanmaktaydı. Ancak borca olan bu bağımlılık, hiperenflasyon, parasal istikrarsızlık ve siyasi aşırılık gibi ciddi ekonomik yansımalara yol açmış ve nihayetinde Weimar Cumhuriyeti'nin çöküşüne katkıda bulunmuştur. Almanya'nın stratejisini alternatif savaş zamanı finansman modelleriyle karşılaştıran bu çalışma, aşırı borç birikiminin tehlikelerine dikkat çekmekte ve savaş zamanı ekonomilerinde dengeli mali politikaların önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bulgular, savaş sonrası mali krizleri hafifletmek için sürdürülebilir ekonomi politikalarına duyulan ihtiyacı vurgulayarak savaş finansmanının uzun vadeli sonuçlarına ilişkin daha geniş bir bakış açısı sağlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Balderston, T. (2002). Economics and Politics in the Weimar Republic. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bernanke, B. S. (2004). Essays on the Great Depression. Princeton University Press.
  • Broadberry, S., ve Harrison, M. (2005). The Economics of World War I. Cambridge University Press.
  • Corsetti, G., Kuester, K., Meier, A., ve Müller, G. J. (2014). Sovereign risk and belief-driven fluctuations in the euro area. Journal of Monetary Economics, 61, 53-73.
  • Daunton, M. (2002). Just Taxes: The Politics of Taxation in Britain, 1914–1979. Cambridge University Press.
  • Eichengreen, B. (2019). Globalizing Capital: A History of the International Monetary System. Princeton University Press.
  • Feldman, G. D. (1997). The Great Disorder: Politics, Economics, and Society in the German Inflation, 1914–1924. Oxford University Press.
  • Ferguson, N. (1998). The Pity of War: Explaining World War I. Allen Lane.
  • Hardach, G. (1977). The First World War, 1914-1918. University of California Press.
  • Hautcoeur, P.C. (2003). Was the Great War a watershed? The Economics of World War One in France. DELTA Working Papers 2003-16, DELTA.
  • Holtfrerich, C.-L. (1986). The German Inflation 1914-1923: Causes and Effects in International Perspective. De Gruyter.
  • Ohanian, L. E. (1997). The Macroeconomic Effects of War Finance in the United States: World War II and the Korean War. The American Economic Review, 87(1), 23-40.
  • Reinhart, C. M., ve Rogoff, K. S. (2009). This Time Is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly. Princeton University Press.
  • Ritschl, A. (2012). Reparations, deficits, and debt default: The Great Depression in Germany. CEP Discussion Papers dp1149, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
  • Rockoff, H. (2012). America’s Economic Way of War. Cambridge University Press.
  • Strachan, H. (2003). The First World War: Volume I: To Arms. Oxford University Press.
  • Tooze, A. (2006). The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy. Penguin.

FINANCING WAR: GERMANY’S DEBT-FUELED GAMBLE IN WORLD WAR I

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 204 - 229, 17.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.14514/beykozad.1630267
https://izlik.org/JA72AF78ZM

Öz

This article analyzes Germany's war financing strategy during World War I, which predominantly relied on borrowing instead of taxation. Unlike France and the United Kingdom, both of which implemented wartime taxes to distribute the financial burden, Germany financed its war effort largely through war bonds and central bank credit. This approach was based on the belief in a quick victory and the expectation of postwar reparations to alleviate costs. However, this dependence on debt led to severe economic repercussions, including hyperinflation, monetary instability, and political extremism, ultimately contributing to the collapse of the Weimar Republic. By comparing Germany's strategy to alternative wartime financing models, this study highlights the dangers of excessive debt accumulation and underscores the importance of balanced fiscal policies in wartime economies. The findings provide broader insights into the long-term consequences of war finance, emphasizing the need for sustainable economic policies to mitigate postwar financial crises.

Kaynakça

  • Balderston, T. (2002). Economics and Politics in the Weimar Republic. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bernanke, B. S. (2004). Essays on the Great Depression. Princeton University Press.
  • Broadberry, S., ve Harrison, M. (2005). The Economics of World War I. Cambridge University Press.
  • Corsetti, G., Kuester, K., Meier, A., ve Müller, G. J. (2014). Sovereign risk and belief-driven fluctuations in the euro area. Journal of Monetary Economics, 61, 53-73.
  • Daunton, M. (2002). Just Taxes: The Politics of Taxation in Britain, 1914–1979. Cambridge University Press.
  • Eichengreen, B. (2019). Globalizing Capital: A History of the International Monetary System. Princeton University Press.
  • Feldman, G. D. (1997). The Great Disorder: Politics, Economics, and Society in the German Inflation, 1914–1924. Oxford University Press.
  • Ferguson, N. (1998). The Pity of War: Explaining World War I. Allen Lane.
  • Hardach, G. (1977). The First World War, 1914-1918. University of California Press.
  • Hautcoeur, P.C. (2003). Was the Great War a watershed? The Economics of World War One in France. DELTA Working Papers 2003-16, DELTA.
  • Holtfrerich, C.-L. (1986). The German Inflation 1914-1923: Causes and Effects in International Perspective. De Gruyter.
  • Ohanian, L. E. (1997). The Macroeconomic Effects of War Finance in the United States: World War II and the Korean War. The American Economic Review, 87(1), 23-40.
  • Reinhart, C. M., ve Rogoff, K. S. (2009). This Time Is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly. Princeton University Press.
  • Ritschl, A. (2012). Reparations, deficits, and debt default: The Great Depression in Germany. CEP Discussion Papers dp1149, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
  • Rockoff, H. (2012). America’s Economic Way of War. Cambridge University Press.
  • Strachan, H. (2003). The First World War: Volume I: To Arms. Oxford University Press.
  • Tooze, A. (2006). The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy. Penguin.
Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mikro İktisat (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Aras Yolusever 0000-0001-9810-2571

Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 18 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 17 Aralık 2025
DOI https://doi.org/10.14514/beykozad.1630267
IZ https://izlik.org/JA72AF78ZM
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yolusever, A. (2025). FINANCING WAR: GERMANY’S DEBT-FUELED GAMBLE IN WORLD WAR I. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, 13(2), 204-229. https://doi.org/10.14514/beykozad.1630267
AMA 1.Yolusever A. FINANCING WAR: GERMANY’S DEBT-FUELED GAMBLE IN WORLD WAR I. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi. 2025;13(2):204-229. doi:10.14514/beykozad.1630267
Chicago Yolusever, Aras. 2025. “FINANCING WAR: GERMANY’S DEBT-FUELED GAMBLE IN WORLD WAR I”. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi 13 (2): 204-29. https://doi.org/10.14514/beykozad.1630267.
EndNote Yolusever A (01 Aralık 2025) FINANCING WAR: GERMANY’S DEBT-FUELED GAMBLE IN WORLD WAR I. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi 13 2 204–229.
IEEE [1]A. Yolusever, “FINANCING WAR: GERMANY’S DEBT-FUELED GAMBLE IN WORLD WAR I”, Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, c. 13, sy 2, ss. 204–229, Ara. 2025, doi: 10.14514/beykozad.1630267.
ISNAD Yolusever, Aras. “FINANCING WAR: GERMANY’S DEBT-FUELED GAMBLE IN WORLD WAR I”. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi 13/2 (01 Aralık 2025): 204-229. https://doi.org/10.14514/beykozad.1630267.
JAMA 1.Yolusever A. FINANCING WAR: GERMANY’S DEBT-FUELED GAMBLE IN WORLD WAR I. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi. 2025;13:204–229.
MLA Yolusever, Aras. “FINANCING WAR: GERMANY’S DEBT-FUELED GAMBLE IN WORLD WAR I”. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, c. 13, sy 2, Aralık 2025, ss. 204-29, doi:10.14514/beykozad.1630267.
Vancouver 1.Aras Yolusever. FINANCING WAR: GERMANY’S DEBT-FUELED GAMBLE IN WORLD WAR I. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi. 01 Aralık 2025;13(2):204-29. doi:10.14514/beykozad.1630267