YETKİNLİK BAZLI İNSAN KAYNAKLARI YÖNETİMİ: SEYAHAT ACENTALARI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 517 - 542, 17.12.2025
Erkan Akgöz
,
Simge Şalvarcı
,
Merve Öksüz
Öz
Günümüzde önemi zamanla daha iyi anlaşılan insan faktörü işletmeler için anlaması, planlaması ve kontrol etmesi en zor faktördür. Bu sebeple özelleşen insan kaynakları bölümleri, insandan en üst düzeyde yararlanmayı hedeflerken çeşitli yöntemler üzerinde çalışmalarını sürdürmektedir. Merkezinde insan olan konular organizasyonlarda yeni bir yönetim yaklaşımı olan yetkinlik bazlı yönetim ile bütünsel bir sistem içerisinde yürütülmeye başlanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacını turizm sektöründe önemli bir organizasyon olan seyahat acentalarında yetkinlik bazlı insan kaynakları yönetiminin incelenmesi oluşturmaktadır.
Araştırma nitel desende yürütülmüş olup, veri toplama tekniği olarak yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Bu amaçla, Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerinde faaliyet gösteren 18 seyahat acentasında görev yapmakta olan bireylerle yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler NVivo 11 for Windows nitel veri analiz programında analize tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda, sorulara ilişkin çeşitli temalar ortaya çıkmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, seyahat acentalarında yetkinliğin önemine ilişkin olarak çalışanların bu konuya önem verdikleri ve seyahat acentalarının planlama aşamasından başlayarak çalışanlarına gerekli motivasyonu sağladığı görülmektedir. Buna karşın seyahat acentasında gerek profesyonel ve etkili pazarlama teknikleri geliştirilmesi gerekse sosyal hakların çalışanlara sunulması çalışanlar tarafından vurgulanmıştır.
Kaynakça
-
Akgeyik, T. (2002). “İnsan Kaynaklarında Yetkinlik Yönetimi”, İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, c: 52, Sayı: 1, İstanbul, s.70.
-
Akşirin, Ç. N. (2008). Yetkinlik Temelli Performans Değerlendirme: Sağlık Sektöründen Bir Uygulama. Verimlilik Dergisi, (2), 35-52.
-
Andueza, L., & De Mendoza Cánton, J. H. (2016). Human Resources Management Based On Competencies. Revista de enfermeria (Barcelona, Spain), 39(5), 46-50.
-
Anonymous (1996). Competence-based management training, Education & Training, 38, 4.
-
Aungsuroch, Y., Gunawan, J., & Fisher, M. L. (2021). Competence-Based Human Resource Management. In Redesigning the Nursing and Human Resource Partnership: A Model for the New Normal Era (pp. 15-30). Singapore: Springer Singapore.
-
Beeck, S., & Hondeghem, A. (2010). Competency Management in the Public Sector : Three Dimensions of Integration Paper for the IRSPM Conference 2010. IRSPM Conference 2010.
-
Belényesi, E., & Dobos, Á. (2022). Competency-based Human Resource Management in the Public Service from Educational Perspective. Pro Publico Bono–Public Administration, 10(4), 20-41.
-
Bohlouli, M., Mittas, N., Kakarontzas, G., Theodosiou, T., Angelis, L., & Fathi, M. (2017). Competence assessment as an expert system for human resource management: A mathematical approach. Expert Systems with Applications, 70, 83-102.
-
Bordbar, G., Konjkav Monfared, A., Sabokro, M., Dehghani, N., & Hosseini, E. (2021). Human resources competencies scale development and validation: An Iranian measure. Industrial and Commercial Training, 53(3), 250-267.
-
Campion, M. A, & Odman, R. B. (2011). Doing competencies well: Best practice in competency modelling. Personnel Psychology, 64, 225-262. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01207.x
-
Cecil, A., & Krohn, B. (2012). The process of developing a competency-based academic curriculum in tourism management. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 12(2), 129-145.
-
Çetinkaya, M. (2009). Yöneticilerin Yönetsel Yetkinlik Algılamalarına İlişkin Bir Araştırma. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 219-239.
-
Chan, B., & Coleman, M. (2004). Skills and competencies needed for the Hong Kong hotel industry: The perspective of the hotel human resources manager. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 3(1), 3-18.
-
Daguplo, M. S., Alma, C., & Daguplo, M. M. (2019). Modeling human resource competencies as significant predictors of employee satisfaction. Asia Pacific J. Multidiscip. Res, 7, 107-114.
-
Fachrunnisa, O., & Hussain, F. K. (2020). Blockchain-based human resource management practices for mitigating skills and competencies gap in workforce. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 12, 1847979020966400.
-
Ganie, S. A., & Saleem, I. (2018). The transpiring journey of competence based human resource management: A literature review. International Journal of Management Studies, 3(7), 17.
-
Gunawan, J., Aungsuroch, Y., & Fisher, M. L. (2019, January). Competence‐based human resource management in nursing: A literature review. In Nursing forum (Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 91-101).
-
Hajiali, I., Kessi, A. M. F., Budiandriani, B., Prihatin, E., & Sufri, M. M. (2022). Determination of work motivation, leadership style, employee competence on job satisfaction and employee performance. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 2(1), 57-69.
-
Hauenstein, P. (2000). Competency Modelling Approaches and Strategies. Advantage Hiring Inc.
-
Huang J-T & H-H Hsieh (2015) Supervisors as good coaches: influences of coaching on employees’ in-role behaviors and proactive career behaviors. International Journal of Human Resource Management 26, 42–58.
-
Karakuş, Y., Onat, G., & Ardıç Yetiş, Ş. (2018). Yöneticilerin, Aşçıların Yetkinliklerine Yönelik Beklentilerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Nevşehir Konaklama İşletmeleri Örneği. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 6(4), 299-321. DOI: 10.21325/jotags.2018.311
-
Kıngır, S., Gürson, N. G., & Karakaş, A. (2016). Turizm İşletmelerinin İnsan Kaynakları Planlamasında Bilgi Sistemlerinin Rolü.17.Ulusal Turizm Kongresi. 20-23 Ekim, Bodrum-Muğla.
-
Laakso-Manninen, R., & Iitala, R. (2007). Competence management and human resources development: A theoretical framework for understanding the practices of modern Finnish organisations. Haaga-Helia Research. Retrieved from http://www.haaga-helia.fi/sites/default/files/Kuvat-ja-liitteet/Palvelut/Julkaisut/hrdweb.pdf
-
McCarthy, G & Milner, J. (2020). Ability, motivation and opportunity: managerial coaching in practice, Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 58, 149-170.
-
McClelland, D. C. (1973). Testing for competence rather than for" intelligence." American psychologist, 28(1), 1.
Onat, G., & Karakuş, Y. (2021). İşgören Yetkinliğinin Gastronomideki Yeri Ve Önemi. Gastronomi Araştırmaları, 22.
-
Otoo, F. N. K. (2019). Human resource management (HRM) practices and organizational performance: The mediating role of employee competencies. Employee Relations: The International Journal.
-
Özdiller, İ., (2005). Stratejika İnsan Kaynakları Uzmanlık Programı Seçme Yerleştirme Eğitim Notları, HR Dergi, İstanbul.
-
Prastiwi, N. L. P. E. Y., Widnyani, N. M., & Adnyani, L. A. (2023). Competency-Based Human Resource Management: Application for SMES. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Bisnis, 8(1), 43-50.
-
Puli, J., & Sagi, S. (2022). Competency mapping building a competent workforce through human resource information system. Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences, 43(7), 1885-1899.
-
Rastgoo, P. (2016). The role of human resources competency in improving the manager performance. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 64(1), 341–350. https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664010341
-
Rothwell, W.J. & Kazanas, H.C. (2003). Planning and Managing Human Resources: Strategic Planning for Personel Management, M.A: Human Resources Development Press, s.42.
-
Spencer, L. & S. Spencer. (1993). Competence at Work: Model for Superior Performance. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
-
Suhairom, N., Musta’amal, A. H., Amin, N. F. M., Kamin, Y., & Wahid, N. H. A. (2019). Quality culinary workforce competencies for sustainable career development among culinary professionals. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 81, 205-220.
-
Werdhiastutie A., Suhariadi, F. & Partiw, S. G. (2020). Achievement Motivation as Antecedents of Quality Improvement of Organizational Human Resources, Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal), 3 (2), 747-752.
-
Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2011). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (8. baskı). Ankara: Seçkin.
Yoo, D. K., & Park, J. A. (2007). Perceived service quality: Analyzing relationships among employees, customers, and financial performance. International Journal of Quality & reliability management, 24(9), 908-926.
COMPETENCY-BASED HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: A RESEARCH ON TRAVEL AGENCIES
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 517 - 542, 17.12.2025
Erkan Akgöz
,
Simge Şalvarcı
,
Merve Öksüz
Öz
With globalization, market conditions brought a high level of competition in the tourism industry. Human in the center are started to be carried out in a holistic system with competence-based management, which is a new management approach in organizations. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the competence-based human resources management (HRM) in travel agencies with a qualitative design and a semi-structured interview technique was used as the data collection technique. Accordingly, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 employees who work in travel agencies operating in different regions of Turkey. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed in the NVivo 11 for Windows qualitative data analysis program. As a result of the research, various themes related to the questions have emerged. Findings of the study indicate that the employees give importance to this issue regarding the importance of competence in travel agencies which provide the necessary motivation to their employees starting from the planning stage. Applications that will reduce the turnover rate of the tourism sector, which has problems of qualified personnel, are written under the title of theoretical and practical implications within the scope of competency HR.
Kaynakça
-
Akgeyik, T. (2002). “İnsan Kaynaklarında Yetkinlik Yönetimi”, İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, c: 52, Sayı: 1, İstanbul, s.70.
-
Akşirin, Ç. N. (2008). Yetkinlik Temelli Performans Değerlendirme: Sağlık Sektöründen Bir Uygulama. Verimlilik Dergisi, (2), 35-52.
-
Andueza, L., & De Mendoza Cánton, J. H. (2016). Human Resources Management Based On Competencies. Revista de enfermeria (Barcelona, Spain), 39(5), 46-50.
-
Anonymous (1996). Competence-based management training, Education & Training, 38, 4.
-
Aungsuroch, Y., Gunawan, J., & Fisher, M. L. (2021). Competence-Based Human Resource Management. In Redesigning the Nursing and Human Resource Partnership: A Model for the New Normal Era (pp. 15-30). Singapore: Springer Singapore.
-
Beeck, S., & Hondeghem, A. (2010). Competency Management in the Public Sector : Three Dimensions of Integration Paper for the IRSPM Conference 2010. IRSPM Conference 2010.
-
Belényesi, E., & Dobos, Á. (2022). Competency-based Human Resource Management in the Public Service from Educational Perspective. Pro Publico Bono–Public Administration, 10(4), 20-41.
-
Bohlouli, M., Mittas, N., Kakarontzas, G., Theodosiou, T., Angelis, L., & Fathi, M. (2017). Competence assessment as an expert system for human resource management: A mathematical approach. Expert Systems with Applications, 70, 83-102.
-
Bordbar, G., Konjkav Monfared, A., Sabokro, M., Dehghani, N., & Hosseini, E. (2021). Human resources competencies scale development and validation: An Iranian measure. Industrial and Commercial Training, 53(3), 250-267.
-
Campion, M. A, & Odman, R. B. (2011). Doing competencies well: Best practice in competency modelling. Personnel Psychology, 64, 225-262. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01207.x
-
Cecil, A., & Krohn, B. (2012). The process of developing a competency-based academic curriculum in tourism management. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 12(2), 129-145.
-
Çetinkaya, M. (2009). Yöneticilerin Yönetsel Yetkinlik Algılamalarına İlişkin Bir Araştırma. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 219-239.
-
Chan, B., & Coleman, M. (2004). Skills and competencies needed for the Hong Kong hotel industry: The perspective of the hotel human resources manager. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 3(1), 3-18.
-
Daguplo, M. S., Alma, C., & Daguplo, M. M. (2019). Modeling human resource competencies as significant predictors of employee satisfaction. Asia Pacific J. Multidiscip. Res, 7, 107-114.
-
Fachrunnisa, O., & Hussain, F. K. (2020). Blockchain-based human resource management practices for mitigating skills and competencies gap in workforce. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 12, 1847979020966400.
-
Ganie, S. A., & Saleem, I. (2018). The transpiring journey of competence based human resource management: A literature review. International Journal of Management Studies, 3(7), 17.
-
Gunawan, J., Aungsuroch, Y., & Fisher, M. L. (2019, January). Competence‐based human resource management in nursing: A literature review. In Nursing forum (Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 91-101).
-
Hajiali, I., Kessi, A. M. F., Budiandriani, B., Prihatin, E., & Sufri, M. M. (2022). Determination of work motivation, leadership style, employee competence on job satisfaction and employee performance. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 2(1), 57-69.
-
Hauenstein, P. (2000). Competency Modelling Approaches and Strategies. Advantage Hiring Inc.
-
Huang J-T & H-H Hsieh (2015) Supervisors as good coaches: influences of coaching on employees’ in-role behaviors and proactive career behaviors. International Journal of Human Resource Management 26, 42–58.
-
Karakuş, Y., Onat, G., & Ardıç Yetiş, Ş. (2018). Yöneticilerin, Aşçıların Yetkinliklerine Yönelik Beklentilerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Nevşehir Konaklama İşletmeleri Örneği. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 6(4), 299-321. DOI: 10.21325/jotags.2018.311
-
Kıngır, S., Gürson, N. G., & Karakaş, A. (2016). Turizm İşletmelerinin İnsan Kaynakları Planlamasında Bilgi Sistemlerinin Rolü.17.Ulusal Turizm Kongresi. 20-23 Ekim, Bodrum-Muğla.
-
Laakso-Manninen, R., & Iitala, R. (2007). Competence management and human resources development: A theoretical framework for understanding the practices of modern Finnish organisations. Haaga-Helia Research. Retrieved from http://www.haaga-helia.fi/sites/default/files/Kuvat-ja-liitteet/Palvelut/Julkaisut/hrdweb.pdf
-
McCarthy, G & Milner, J. (2020). Ability, motivation and opportunity: managerial coaching in practice, Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 58, 149-170.
-
McClelland, D. C. (1973). Testing for competence rather than for" intelligence." American psychologist, 28(1), 1.
Onat, G., & Karakuş, Y. (2021). İşgören Yetkinliğinin Gastronomideki Yeri Ve Önemi. Gastronomi Araştırmaları, 22.
-
Otoo, F. N. K. (2019). Human resource management (HRM) practices and organizational performance: The mediating role of employee competencies. Employee Relations: The International Journal.
-
Özdiller, İ., (2005). Stratejika İnsan Kaynakları Uzmanlık Programı Seçme Yerleştirme Eğitim Notları, HR Dergi, İstanbul.
-
Prastiwi, N. L. P. E. Y., Widnyani, N. M., & Adnyani, L. A. (2023). Competency-Based Human Resource Management: Application for SMES. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Bisnis, 8(1), 43-50.
-
Puli, J., & Sagi, S. (2022). Competency mapping building a competent workforce through human resource information system. Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences, 43(7), 1885-1899.
-
Rastgoo, P. (2016). The role of human resources competency in improving the manager performance. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 64(1), 341–350. https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664010341
-
Rothwell, W.J. & Kazanas, H.C. (2003). Planning and Managing Human Resources: Strategic Planning for Personel Management, M.A: Human Resources Development Press, s.42.
-
Spencer, L. & S. Spencer. (1993). Competence at Work: Model for Superior Performance. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
-
Suhairom, N., Musta’amal, A. H., Amin, N. F. M., Kamin, Y., & Wahid, N. H. A. (2019). Quality culinary workforce competencies for sustainable career development among culinary professionals. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 81, 205-220.
-
Werdhiastutie A., Suhariadi, F. & Partiw, S. G. (2020). Achievement Motivation as Antecedents of Quality Improvement of Organizational Human Resources, Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal), 3 (2), 747-752.
-
Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2011). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (8. baskı). Ankara: Seçkin.
Yoo, D. K., & Park, J. A. (2007). Perceived service quality: Analyzing relationships among employees, customers, and financial performance. International Journal of Quality & reliability management, 24(9), 908-926.