THE EFFECTS OF INTERNATIONALIZATION OF PRODUCTION ON THE TURKISH MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY: AN APPLIED STUDY ON FOREIGN-INVESTED MANUFACTURER-EXPORTERS

Öz

This study investigates the effects of the transnational corporations’ organization of the production all over the world on the Turkish manufacturing industry MI and determines how the Turkish MI is articulated to this global organization. To this aim, it analysed foreign-invested manufacturers in the top-1000 exporters list of the Turkish Exporters Assembly. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the senior officials of the fifteen out of 101 firms who accepted their titles being revealed. Consequently, internationalization of production reinforced foreigndependent structure of the Turkish MI; and Turkey, an intermediate zone between advanced Western countries and cheap-labour Asian countries, seems as backyard of Europe: R&D units are few, imported inputs are high, value-added is low, there is specialization in the particular stages of the medium-low and medium-high technology production, relatively qualified and cheap intermediate staff is abundant, the highest part of exports is made to Europe, the MI is part of the global production and supply networks. And more importantly, this study shows that it is no more possible for Turkish MI to compete on the basis of cheap labour; and the contradictory policies to overcome this situation are far from increasing the competitive power of the Turkish MI

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Foreign direct investments,internationalization of production,Turkish manufacturing industry,transnational corporations

ÜRETİMİN ULUSLARARASILAŞMASININ TÜRKİYE İMALAT SANAYİSİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: YABANCI SERMAYELİ İMALATÇI-İHRACATÇILAR ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA

Öz

Bu makale, çokuluslu şirketlerin üretimi dünya çapında örgütlemesinin Türkiye imalat sanayisi üzerindeki etkilerini ele alıyor ve Türkiye imalat sanayisinin bu küresel örgütlenmeye nasıl eklemlendiğini ortaya koyuyor. Bu amaca yönelik olarak, Türkiye İhracatçılar Meclisi’nin ilk 1000 ihracatçı listesindeki yabancı sermayeli imalatçı-ihracatçılar ele alınmış, adının açıklanmasını kabul eden 101 firmadan 15’inin yetkilileriyle yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak üretimin uluslararasılaşması Türkiye imalat sanayisinin dışa bağımlı yapısını pekiştirmiştir; gelişmiş Batı ülkeleriyle ucuz işgücüne dayalı Asya ülkeleri arasında ara bir bölge olan Türkiye Avrupa’nın arka bahçesi olarak nitelendirilebilir: Ar-Ge birimlerinin kısıtlı düzeyde olduğu, yüksek ithal girdi kullanıp düşük katma değer yaratan, orta-düşük ve orta-yüksek teknolojili üretimin belli aşamalarında uzmanlaşmış, görece nitelikli ve ucuz ara elemanların ağırlıkta olduğu, ihracatının önemli bölümünü Avrupa’ya yapan, ana firmanın kurduğu küresel üretim ve tedarik ağlarının bir parçası olan bir çerçeve söz konusudur. Daha da önemlisi, bu çalışma Türkiye imalat sanayisinin artık ucuz işgücüne dayanarak rekabet edemeyeceğini göstermektedir; ayrıca bu durumu alt etmek için uygulanan çelişkili politikalar Türkiye imalat sanayisinin rekabet gücünü artırmaktan oldukça uzaktır

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar,üretimin uluslararasılaşması,Türkiye imalat sanayisi,ulusötesi şirketler

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