ALGILANAN AŞIRI NİTELİKLİLİĞİN ÇALIŞAN SESLİLİĞİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, algılanan aşırı nitelikliliğin örgüt lehine çeşitli yararları olan çalışan sesliliği üzerindeki etkisini Öz-Yeterlilik Teorisi’ne dayanarak incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini 2019 Mayıs ayında İstanbul’da kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile ulaşılan 103 hizmet sektörü çalışanı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları algılanan aşırı nitelikliliğin çalışan sesliliği üzerinde herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığını ve algılanan aşırı niteliklilik ile çalışan sesliliği arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı herhangi bir ilişki olmadığını göstermektedir. Araştırma sonucunda yönetici ve uygulayıcılar için çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Algılanan aşırı niteliklilik
• çalışan sesliliği
• öz-yeterlilik teorisi

THE EFFECT OF PERCEIVED OVERQUALIFICATION ON EMPLOYEE VOICE

Öz

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of perceived overqualification on the employee voice which is various benefits in favor of the organization based on Self-Efficacy Theory. The sample of the study consists of 103 service sector employees in Istanbul, which were reached in May 2019 by using convenient sampling method. The survey technique was used as a data collection tool. The findings of the study show that perceived overqualification does not have any effect on employee voice and that there is no statistically significant relationship between perceived overqualification and employee voice. Managerial and practical implications are provided.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Perceived overqualification
• employee voice
• self-efficacy theory

Kaynakça

1. Bandura, A., & Walters, R. H. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
2. Basım, H. N., Korkmazyürek, H., & Tokat, A. O. (2008). Çalışanların öz yeterlilik algılamasının yenilikçilik ve risk alma üzerine etkisi: kamu sektöründe bir araştırma. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19, 121-130.
3. Congregado, E., Iglesias, J., Millán, J. M., & Román, C. (2016). Incidence, effects, dynamics and routes out of overqualification in Europe: A comprehensive analysis distinguishing by employment status. Applied Economics, 48(5), 411-445.
4. Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334.
5. Çakıcı, A. (2007). Örgütlerde sessizlik: Sessizliğin teorik temelleri ve dinamikleri. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(1), 145-162.
6. Çetin, Ş. & Çakmakçı C. (2012). Çalışan sesliliği ölçeğini türkçeye uyarlama çalışması. Kara Harp Okulu Bilim Dergisi, 22(2), 1-19.
7. Edmondson, A. C. (2003). Speaking up in the operating room: How team leaders promote learning in interdisciplinary action teams. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1419-1452.
8. Erdogan, B., & Bauer, T. N. (2009). Perceived overqualification and its outcomes: The moderating role of empowerment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(2), 557-565.

9. Erdogan, B., Bauer, T. N., Peiró, J. M., & Truxillo, D. M. (2011). Overqualified employees: Making the best of a potentially bad situation for individuals and organizations. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 4(2), 215-232.
10. Fine, S., & Edward, M. (2017). Breaking the rules, not the law: The potential risks of counterproductive work behaviors among overqualified employees. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 25(4), 401-405.
11. Freeman R. (1976). The overeducated american. Academic Press.
12. Garcy, A. M. (2015). Educational mismatch and mortality among native‐born workers in Sweden. A 19‐year longitudinal study of 2.5 million over‐educated, matched and under‐educated individuals, 1990–2008. Sociology of Health & Illness, 37(8), 1314-1336.
13. Greenberger, D. B., & Strasser, S. (1986). Development and application of a model of personal control in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 11(1), 164-177.
14. Harari, M. B., Manapragada, A., & Viswesvaran, C. (2017). Who thinks they're a big fish in a small pond and why does it matter? A meta-analysis of perceived overqualification. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 102, 28-47.
15. Hersch, J. (1995). Optimal ‘mismatch’and promotions. Economic Inquiry, 33(4), 611-624.
16. Khan, L. J., & Morrow, P. C. (1991). Objective and subjective underemployment relationships to job satisfaction. Journal of Business Research, 22(3), 211-218. Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Publications.
17. Liu, S., Luksyte, A., Zhou, L., Shi, J., & Wang, M. (2015). Overqualification and counterproductive work behaviors: Examining a moderated mediation model. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(2), 250-271.
18. Lobene, E. V., & Meade, A. W. (2013). The effects of career calling and perceived overqualification on work outcomes for primary and secondary school teachers. Journal of Career Development, 40(6), 508-530.
19. Lobene, E. V., Meade, A. W., & Pond III, S. B. (2015). Perceived overqualification: A multi-source investigation of psychological predisposition and contextual triggers. The Journal of Psychology, 149(7), 684-710.
20. Luksyte, A., & Spitzmueller, C. (2016). When are overqualified employees creative? It depends on contextual factors. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(5), 635-653.
21. Luksyte, A., Spitzmueller, C., & Maynard, D. C. (2011). Why do overqualified incumbents deviate? Examining multiple mediators. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(3), 279-296.
22. Maltarich, M. A., Reilly, G., & Nyberg, A. J. (2011). Objective and subjective overqualification: Distinctions, relationships, and a place for each in the literature. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 4(2), 236-239.
23. Maynard, D. C., & Joseph, T. A. (2008). Are all part-time faculty underemployed? The influence of faculty status preference on satisfaction and commitment. Higher Education, 55(2), 139-154.
24. Maynard, D. C., & Parfyonova, N. M. (2013). Perceived overqualification and withdrawal behaviours: Examining the roles of job attitudes and work values. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 86(3), 435-455.
25. Maynard, D. C., Joseph, T. A., & Maynard, A. M. (2006). Underemployment, job attitudes, and turnover intentions. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(4), 509-536.
26. Maynes, T. D., & Podsakoff, P. M. (2014). Speaking more broadly: An examination of the nature, antecedents, and consequences of an expanded set of employee voice behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(1), 87-112.
27. Milliken, F. J., Morrison, E. W., & Hewlin, P. F. (2003). An exploratory study of employee silence: Issues that employees don’t communicate upward and why. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1453-1476.
28. Morrison, E. W. (2011). Employee voice behavior: Integration and directions for future research. Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 373-412.
29. Morrison, E. W., & Milliken, F. J. (2000). Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic world. Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 706-725.
30. Rees, C., Alfes, K., & Gatenby, M. (2013). Employee voice and engagement: connections and consequences. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(14), 2780-2798.
31. Şehitoğlu, Y. (2012). İşgören sesliliği, nedenleri ve boyutları teorik bir çerçeve. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4, 27-38.
32. Thompson, K. W., Shea, T. H., Sikora, D. M., Perrewé, P. L., & Ferris, G. R. (2013). Rethinking underemployment and overqualification in organizations: The not so ugly truth. Business Horizons, 56(1), 113-121.
33. Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Botero, I. C. (2003). Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1359-1392.
34. Van Dyne, L., & LePine, J. A. (1998). Helping and voice extra-role behaviors: Evidence of construct and predictive validity. Academy of Management journal, 41(1), 108-119.
35. Wang, Z., Xu, S., Sun, Y., & Liu, Y. (2019). Transformational leadership and employee voice: an affective perspective. Frontiers of Business Research in China, 13(1), 1-14.
36. Yıldız, B., Özdemir, F., Habib, E., & Çakı, N. (2017). The moderating effect of collective gratitude on the overqualification-turnover intention relationship. Journal Of Organizational Behavior Research, 2(2), 40-61.
37. Zheng, B., & Wang, Z. (2017). Perceived overqualification and its outcomes: The moderating role of organizational learning. Social Behavior and Personality, 45(10), 1675-1690.