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DEVELOPMENT OF A TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP SCALE FOR THE TURKISH CONTEXT

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 94 - 122, 01.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.14514/BYK.m.21478082.2017.5/2.94-122

Öz

Transformational leadership has been an interesting research topic for decades. There are several transformational leadership scales developed by different academicians. The purpose of this study is to develop a transformational leadership scale for the Turkish organizational setting. Two focus groups and four in-depth interviews were conducted, and a survey was carried out. Items generated at the end of this process were combined with some items of Podsakoff, Mackenzie and Bommer’s 1996 scale, namely the Transformational Leadership Behavior Inventory TLI to ensure content validity. Reliability, convergent validity and discriminant validity are assessed by means of the Multitrait-Multimethod MTMM Matrix. The nomological validity of the newly created Transformational Leadership Scale TLS is also checked by examining the Pearson correlation values between transformational leadership measured by TLS and job satisfaction measured by Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, MSQ . The correlation values indicate nomological validity for the transformational leadership scale

Kaynakça

  • Alimo-Metcalfe, Beverly and Robert J. Alban-Metcalfe (2001). “The Development of a New Transformational Leadership Questionnaire”; Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 74, s. 1-27.
  • Avolio, Bruce J., Zhu, Weichun, Koh, William and Bhatia Puja (2004). “Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment: Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment and Moderating Role of Structural Distance”; Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, s. 951- 968.
  • Barbuto, John E. Jr. (2005). “Motivation and Transactional, Charismatic, and Transformational Leadership: A Test of Antecedents”; Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 11(4), s. 26-40.
  • Barnett, Kerry and John McCormick (2004). “Leadership and Individual Principle-Teacher Relationships in Schools”; Educational Administration Quarterly, 40(3), s. 406-434.
  • Bass, Bernard M. and Bruce J. Avolio (1990a). Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists.
  • Bass, Bernard M. and Bruce J. Avolio (1990b). Transformational Leadership Development Manual for the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists.
  • Bass, Bernard M. (1998). Transformational Leadership: Industrial, Military, and Educational Impact, Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Bass, Bernard M. (1999). “Two Decades of Research and Development in transformational Leadership”; European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(1), s. 9-32.
  • Bass, Bernard M., Avolio, Bruce J., Jung, Dong I. and Yair Berson (2003). “Predicting Unit Performance by Assessing Transformational and Transactional Leadership”; Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(2), s. 207-218.
  • Bommer, William H., Rich, Gregory A and Robert S. Rubin R. (2005). “Changing Attitudes about Change: Longitudinal Effects of Transformational Leader Behavior on Employee Cynicism About Organizational Change; Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, s. 733-753.
  • Burns, James M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Butler Jr, John K., Cantrell, R. Stephen and Randall J. Flick (1999). “Transformational Leadership Behaviors, Upward Trust, and Satisfaction in Self-Managed Work Teams” Organization Development Journal, 17(1), s. 13-28.
  • Carless, Sally A. (1998). “Assessing the Discriminant Validity of Transformational Leader Behaviors as Measured by the MLQ”; Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 71(4), s. 353-358.
  • Carless, Sally A., Wearing, Alexander J. and Leon Mann (2000). “A Short Measure of Transformational Leadership”; Journal of Business and Psychology, 14(3), s. 389-405.
  • Dvir, Taly, Eden, Dov, Avolio, Bruce J. and Boas Shamir (2002). “Impact of Transformational leadership on Follower Development and Performance: A Field Experiment”; Academy of Management Journal, 45(4), s. 735-744.
  • Harms, Peter D., Credé, Marcus, Tynan, Michael, Leon, Matthew and Wonho Jeung (2017).
  • “Leadership and Stress: A Meta-Analytic Review”; Leadership Quarterly, 28(1), s. 178-194.
  • Judge, Timothy A. and Ronald F. Piccolo (2004). “Transformational and Transactional Leadership: A Meta-Analytic Test of Their Relative Validity”; Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), s. 755-768.
  • Jyoti, Jeevan and Sonia Bhau (2015). “Impact of Transformational Leadership on Job Performance: Mediating Role of Leader–Member Exchange and Relational Identification”; SAGE Open, October-December, s. 1-13.
  • Kirkman, Bradley L., Chen, Gilad, Farh, Jiing-Lih, Chen Zhen Xiong and Kevin B. Lowe (2009).
  • “Individual Power Distance Orientation and follower Reactions to Transformational Leaders: A Cross-Level, Cross-Cultural Examination”; Academy of Management Journal, 52(4), s. 744- 764.
  • Kuhnert Karl W. and Philip Lewis (1987). “Transactional and Transformational Leadership: A Constructive/Developmental Analysis”; Academy of Management Review, 12(4), s. 648-657.
  • Lowe, Kevin B., Kroeck, K. Galen and Nagaraj Sivasubramaniam (1996). “Effectiveness Correlates of Transformational and Transactional Leadership: A Metaanalytic Review”; Leadership Quarterly, 7(3), s. 385–425.
  • Montoya-Weiss, Mitzi M., Massey, Anne P. and Danial L. Clapper (1998). “On-line Focus Groups: Conceptual Issues and A Research Tool”; European Journal of Marketing, 32(7/8), s. 713-723.
  • Morgan, David L. (1997). Focus Groups as Qaulitative Research, California, USA: Sage. Pillai, Rajnandini, Schriesheim, Chester A. and Eric S. Williams (1999). “Fairness Perceptions and Trust as Mediators for Transformational and Transactional Leadership: A Two-Sample Atudy”; Journal of Management, 25(6), s. 897-933.
  • Podsakoff, Philip M., MacKenzie, Scott B., Moorman, Robert H. and Richard Fetter (1990).
  • “Transformational Leader Behaviors and Their Effects on Followers’ Trust in Leader, Satisfaction, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors”; Leadership Quarterly, 1(2), s. 107- 142.
  • Podsakoff, Philip M., MacKenzie, Scott B. and William H. Bommer (1996). “Transformational Leader Behaviors and Substitutes for Leadership as Determinants of Employee Satisfaction, Commitment, Trust, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors”; Journal of Management, 22(2), s. 259-298.
  • Purvanova, Radostina K., Bono, Joyce E. and Jessica Dzieweczynski (2006). “Transformational Leadership, Job Characteristics, and Organizational Citizenship Performance”; Human Performance, 19(1), s. 1-22.
  • Rafferty, Alannah E. and Mark A. Griffin (2004). “Dimensions of Transformational Leadership: Conceptual and Emprical Extensions”; Leadership Quarterly, 15(3), s. 329-354.
  • Sparks, John R. and Joseph A. Schenk (2001). “Explaining the Effects of Transformational Leadership: An Investigation of The Effects of Higher-Order Motives in Multilevel Marketing Organizations”; Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, s. 849-869.
  • Tejeda, Manuel J., Scandura, Terri A. and Rajnandini Pillai (2001). “The MLQ revisited: Psychometric properties and recommendations”; Leadership Quarterly, 12(1), s. 31-52.
  • Walumbwa, Fred Ochieng and John J. Lawler (2003). “Building Effective Organizations: Transformational Leadership, Collectivist Orientation, Work-Related Attitudes, and Withdrawal Behaviors in Three Emerging Economies”; International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14(7), s. 1083-1101.
  • Whitford, Tarli and Simon A. Moss (2009). “Transformational Leadership in Distributed Work Groups: The Moderating Role of Follower Regulatory Focus and Goal Orientation”; Communication Research, 36(6), s. 810-837.
  • Yukl, Gary (1999a). “An evaluation of conceptual weaknesses in transformational and charismatic leadership”; Leadership Quarterly, 10(2), s. 285-305.
  • Yukl, Gary (1999b). “An evaluative essay on current conceptions of effective leadership”; European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(1), s. 33-48.
  • Zacharatos, Anthea, Barling, Julian and E. Kevin Kelloway (2000). “Development and Effects of Transformational Leadership in Adolescents”; Leadership Quarterly, 11(2), s. 211-226.
  • Zhu, Weichun., Avolio, Bruce J. and Fred Ochieng Walumbwa (2009). “Moderating Role of Follower Characteristics with Transformational Leadership and Follower Work Engagement”; Group & Organization Management, 34(5), s. 590-619.

TÜRK ÖRGÜT ÇEVRESİ İÇİN BİR DÖNÜŞÜMCÜ LİDERLİK ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 94 - 122, 01.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.14514/BYK.m.21478082.2017.5/2.94-122

Öz

Dönüşümcü liderlik, on yıllar boyunca ilgi çekici bir araştırma konusu olmuştur. Değişik akademisyenlerce geliştirilmiş çeşitli dönüşümcü liderlik ölçekleri bulunmaktadır. İşbu çalışma, Türk örgüt çevresi için bir dönüşümcü liderlik ölçeği geliştirmeyi amaçlamıştır. İki odak grup ve dört derinlemesine görüşme yürütülmüş ve bir anket çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu sürecin sonunda ortaya çıkan maddeler Podsakoff, Scott ve Bommer’in 1996 Dönüşümcü Liderlik Davranışı Envanteri’ndeki bazı maddelerle birleştirilmiş, böylece içerik geçerliği sağlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Güvenirlik, yakınsama geçerliği ve ayırt edici geçerlik MTMM matrisi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Yeni oluşturulan Dönüşümcü Liderlik Ölçeği’nin nomolojik geçerliğini değerlendirmek amacıyla dönüşümcü liderlik ve iş memnuniyeti Minnesota Memnuniyet Ölçeği ile ölçülmüştür arasındaki Pearson korelasyon değerleri incelenmiş ve nomolojik geçerlik tespit edilmiştir

Kaynakça

  • Alimo-Metcalfe, Beverly and Robert J. Alban-Metcalfe (2001). “The Development of a New Transformational Leadership Questionnaire”; Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 74, s. 1-27.
  • Avolio, Bruce J., Zhu, Weichun, Koh, William and Bhatia Puja (2004). “Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment: Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment and Moderating Role of Structural Distance”; Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, s. 951- 968.
  • Barbuto, John E. Jr. (2005). “Motivation and Transactional, Charismatic, and Transformational Leadership: A Test of Antecedents”; Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 11(4), s. 26-40.
  • Barnett, Kerry and John McCormick (2004). “Leadership and Individual Principle-Teacher Relationships in Schools”; Educational Administration Quarterly, 40(3), s. 406-434.
  • Bass, Bernard M. and Bruce J. Avolio (1990a). Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists.
  • Bass, Bernard M. and Bruce J. Avolio (1990b). Transformational Leadership Development Manual for the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists.
  • Bass, Bernard M. (1998). Transformational Leadership: Industrial, Military, and Educational Impact, Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Bass, Bernard M. (1999). “Two Decades of Research and Development in transformational Leadership”; European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(1), s. 9-32.
  • Bass, Bernard M., Avolio, Bruce J., Jung, Dong I. and Yair Berson (2003). “Predicting Unit Performance by Assessing Transformational and Transactional Leadership”; Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(2), s. 207-218.
  • Bommer, William H., Rich, Gregory A and Robert S. Rubin R. (2005). “Changing Attitudes about Change: Longitudinal Effects of Transformational Leader Behavior on Employee Cynicism About Organizational Change; Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, s. 733-753.
  • Burns, James M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Butler Jr, John K., Cantrell, R. Stephen and Randall J. Flick (1999). “Transformational Leadership Behaviors, Upward Trust, and Satisfaction in Self-Managed Work Teams” Organization Development Journal, 17(1), s. 13-28.
  • Carless, Sally A. (1998). “Assessing the Discriminant Validity of Transformational Leader Behaviors as Measured by the MLQ”; Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 71(4), s. 353-358.
  • Carless, Sally A., Wearing, Alexander J. and Leon Mann (2000). “A Short Measure of Transformational Leadership”; Journal of Business and Psychology, 14(3), s. 389-405.
  • Dvir, Taly, Eden, Dov, Avolio, Bruce J. and Boas Shamir (2002). “Impact of Transformational leadership on Follower Development and Performance: A Field Experiment”; Academy of Management Journal, 45(4), s. 735-744.
  • Harms, Peter D., Credé, Marcus, Tynan, Michael, Leon, Matthew and Wonho Jeung (2017).
  • “Leadership and Stress: A Meta-Analytic Review”; Leadership Quarterly, 28(1), s. 178-194.
  • Judge, Timothy A. and Ronald F. Piccolo (2004). “Transformational and Transactional Leadership: A Meta-Analytic Test of Their Relative Validity”; Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), s. 755-768.
  • Jyoti, Jeevan and Sonia Bhau (2015). “Impact of Transformational Leadership on Job Performance: Mediating Role of Leader–Member Exchange and Relational Identification”; SAGE Open, October-December, s. 1-13.
  • Kirkman, Bradley L., Chen, Gilad, Farh, Jiing-Lih, Chen Zhen Xiong and Kevin B. Lowe (2009).
  • “Individual Power Distance Orientation and follower Reactions to Transformational Leaders: A Cross-Level, Cross-Cultural Examination”; Academy of Management Journal, 52(4), s. 744- 764.
  • Kuhnert Karl W. and Philip Lewis (1987). “Transactional and Transformational Leadership: A Constructive/Developmental Analysis”; Academy of Management Review, 12(4), s. 648-657.
  • Lowe, Kevin B., Kroeck, K. Galen and Nagaraj Sivasubramaniam (1996). “Effectiveness Correlates of Transformational and Transactional Leadership: A Metaanalytic Review”; Leadership Quarterly, 7(3), s. 385–425.
  • Montoya-Weiss, Mitzi M., Massey, Anne P. and Danial L. Clapper (1998). “On-line Focus Groups: Conceptual Issues and A Research Tool”; European Journal of Marketing, 32(7/8), s. 713-723.
  • Morgan, David L. (1997). Focus Groups as Qaulitative Research, California, USA: Sage. Pillai, Rajnandini, Schriesheim, Chester A. and Eric S. Williams (1999). “Fairness Perceptions and Trust as Mediators for Transformational and Transactional Leadership: A Two-Sample Atudy”; Journal of Management, 25(6), s. 897-933.
  • Podsakoff, Philip M., MacKenzie, Scott B., Moorman, Robert H. and Richard Fetter (1990).
  • “Transformational Leader Behaviors and Their Effects on Followers’ Trust in Leader, Satisfaction, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors”; Leadership Quarterly, 1(2), s. 107- 142.
  • Podsakoff, Philip M., MacKenzie, Scott B. and William H. Bommer (1996). “Transformational Leader Behaviors and Substitutes for Leadership as Determinants of Employee Satisfaction, Commitment, Trust, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors”; Journal of Management, 22(2), s. 259-298.
  • Purvanova, Radostina K., Bono, Joyce E. and Jessica Dzieweczynski (2006). “Transformational Leadership, Job Characteristics, and Organizational Citizenship Performance”; Human Performance, 19(1), s. 1-22.
  • Rafferty, Alannah E. and Mark A. Griffin (2004). “Dimensions of Transformational Leadership: Conceptual and Emprical Extensions”; Leadership Quarterly, 15(3), s. 329-354.
  • Sparks, John R. and Joseph A. Schenk (2001). “Explaining the Effects of Transformational Leadership: An Investigation of The Effects of Higher-Order Motives in Multilevel Marketing Organizations”; Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, s. 849-869.
  • Tejeda, Manuel J., Scandura, Terri A. and Rajnandini Pillai (2001). “The MLQ revisited: Psychometric properties and recommendations”; Leadership Quarterly, 12(1), s. 31-52.
  • Walumbwa, Fred Ochieng and John J. Lawler (2003). “Building Effective Organizations: Transformational Leadership, Collectivist Orientation, Work-Related Attitudes, and Withdrawal Behaviors in Three Emerging Economies”; International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14(7), s. 1083-1101.
  • Whitford, Tarli and Simon A. Moss (2009). “Transformational Leadership in Distributed Work Groups: The Moderating Role of Follower Regulatory Focus and Goal Orientation”; Communication Research, 36(6), s. 810-837.
  • Yukl, Gary (1999a). “An evaluation of conceptual weaknesses in transformational and charismatic leadership”; Leadership Quarterly, 10(2), s. 285-305.
  • Yukl, Gary (1999b). “An evaluative essay on current conceptions of effective leadership”; European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(1), s. 33-48.
  • Zacharatos, Anthea, Barling, Julian and E. Kevin Kelloway (2000). “Development and Effects of Transformational Leadership in Adolescents”; Leadership Quarterly, 11(2), s. 211-226.
  • Zhu, Weichun., Avolio, Bruce J. and Fred Ochieng Walumbwa (2009). “Moderating Role of Follower Characteristics with Transformational Leadership and Follower Work Engagement”; Group & Organization Management, 34(5), s. 590-619.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Nigar Çağla Mutlucan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Mutlucan, N. Ç. (2017). TÜRK ÖRGÜT ÇEVRESİ İÇİN BİR DÖNÜŞÜMCÜ LİDERLİK ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, 5(2), 94-122. https://doi.org/10.14514/BYK.m.21478082.2017.5/2.94-122
AMA Mutlucan NÇ. TÜRK ÖRGÜT ÇEVRESİ İÇİN BİR DÖNÜŞÜMCÜ LİDERLİK ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi. Aralık 2017;5(2):94-122. doi:10.14514/BYK.m.21478082.2017.5/2.94-122
Chicago Mutlucan, Nigar Çağla. “TÜRK ÖRGÜT ÇEVRESİ İÇİN BİR DÖNÜŞÜMCÜ LİDERLİK ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI”. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi 5, sy. 2 (Aralık 2017): 94-122. https://doi.org/10.14514/BYK.m.21478082.2017.5/2.94-122.
EndNote Mutlucan NÇ (01 Aralık 2017) TÜRK ÖRGÜT ÇEVRESİ İÇİN BİR DÖNÜŞÜMCÜ LİDERLİK ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi 5 2 94–122.
IEEE N. Ç. Mutlucan, “TÜRK ÖRGÜT ÇEVRESİ İÇİN BİR DÖNÜŞÜMCÜ LİDERLİK ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI”, Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, c. 5, sy. 2, ss. 94–122, 2017, doi: 10.14514/BYK.m.21478082.2017.5/2.94-122.
ISNAD Mutlucan, Nigar Çağla. “TÜRK ÖRGÜT ÇEVRESİ İÇİN BİR DÖNÜŞÜMCÜ LİDERLİK ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI”. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi 5/2 (Aralık 2017), 94-122. https://doi.org/10.14514/BYK.m.21478082.2017.5/2.94-122.
JAMA Mutlucan NÇ. TÜRK ÖRGÜT ÇEVRESİ İÇİN BİR DÖNÜŞÜMCÜ LİDERLİK ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi. 2017;5:94–122.
MLA Mutlucan, Nigar Çağla. “TÜRK ÖRGÜT ÇEVRESİ İÇİN BİR DÖNÜŞÜMCÜ LİDERLİK ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI”. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, c. 5, sy. 2, 2017, ss. 94-122, doi:10.14514/BYK.m.21478082.2017.5/2.94-122.
Vancouver Mutlucan NÇ. TÜRK ÖRGÜT ÇEVRESİ İÇİN BİR DÖNÜŞÜMCÜ LİDERLİK ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi. 2017;5(2):94-122.