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THE EFFECTS OF PRIVATIZATION ON AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES AND SMALL- SCALE FARMING: THE CASE OF TURKEY

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 1 - 19, 01.12.2016
https://doi.org/10.14514/BYK.m.21478082.2016.4/2.1-19

Öz

The agriculture sector of Turkey had gone through an evolutionary process of change in line with the general development path of capitalist economy starting from the first years after the establishment of the republic. The result of this process was a structure in which large and small scale producers coexisted in the sector. Until the last years of the 20th century, the main element that held this structure together had been the agricultural subsidies provided by the state. These subsidies somewhat lessened the unpredictability and the adverse effects of the market on producers and provided incentive to increase production. Nevertheless, these subsidies came to be seen as an item of spending that needs to be done away with by mid-1990’s when public sector economy first became financially unstable, then unsustainable. The structural adjustment agenda started in 1999 by the government with consultation from IMF was resumed under the name Strengthening the Turkish Economy and the state system of agricultural subsidies was almost completely dismantled in this period. An important method in this process was the privatization of public institutions that were used in subsidizing the sector. This paper will study the results and impacts on agricultural employment of this dismantling

Kaynakça

  • Althusser, Louis (1971) “Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses”, in Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays, New York: Monthly Review.
  • Bernstein, Henry (1979) “African Peasantries: A Theoretical Framework”, The Journal of Peasant Studies, 6(4), p. 421-443.
  • Boratav, Korkut (2004) Türkiye İktisat Tarihi 1908-2002, Istanbul: İmge.
  • Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) (2001) Strengthening the Turkish Economy: Turkey’s Transition Program, https://goo.gl/vbCLqO (Accessed: 29.05.2013).
  • Clarke, Simon (2003) “The Neoliberal Theory of Society”, in Neoliberalism: A Critical Reader, (ed. A. Saad-Filho and D. Johnston), London: Pluto.
  • Duménil, Gérard and Dominique Lévy (2003) “The Neoliberal (Counter-) Revolution”, in Neoliberalism: A Critical Reader, (ed. A. Saad-Filho and D. Johnston), London: Pluto.
  • Eaton, John (2009) Keynes'e Karşı Marx, tr. T.Ok, İstanbul: Evrensel.
  • Friedman, Milton (1982) Capitalism and Freedom, Chicago: The University of Chicago.
  • Government of Turkey (1999a) Letter of Intent dated 09.12.1999, Ankara, https://goo.gl/yA8SHs (Accessed: 29.05.2013).
  • Government of Turkey (1999a) Attachments of the Letter of Intent dated 09.12.1999, Ankara, https://goo.gl/x9hlBL (Accessed: 29.05.2013).
  • Government of Turkey (2000) Letter of Intent dated 18.12.2000, Ankara, https://goo.gl/pPqlaa (Accessed: 29.05.2013).
  • Hayek, Friedrich August (2006) The Road to Serfdom, London and New York: Routledge. Keynes, John Maynard (1997) The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, New York: Prometheus.
  • Marx, Karl [1887] Capital: A Critique of Political Economy - Volume I, tr. S. Moore and E. Aveling (ed. F. Engels), https://goo.gl/eULLsl (Accessed 29.05.2016).
  • Marx, Karl [1937] The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, tr. Progress Publishers, https://goo.gl/vXqLWL (Accessed: 29.05.2016).
  • Önal, Nevzat Evrim (2012) “Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’ndan Cumhuriyet’e Geçişte Büyük Toprak Sahiplerinin Sınıfsal Rolü ve Dönüşümü”, METU Studies in Development, 39(1), p. 137-169.
  • State Planning Organization (DPT) (1963) Birinci Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı 1963-1968, Ankara: DPT.
  • State Statistics Institute (DİE) (1973) Türkiye’de Toplumsal ve Ekonomik Gelişmenin 50 Yılı, Ankara: DİE.
  • World Bank (1985) Staff Appraisal Report: Turkey Agruicultural Sector Adjustment Loan, Report No. 5576-TU, https://goo.gl/uOylkY (Accessed: 29.05.2016).

ÖZELLEŞTİRMENİN TARIMSAL DESTEKLER VE KÜÇÜK ÖLÇEKLİ ÇİFTÇİLİK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ: TÜRKİYE DENEYİMİ 1998-2012

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 1 - 19, 01.12.2016
https://doi.org/10.14514/BYK.m.21478082.2016.4/2.1-19

Öz

Türkiye’nin tarım sektörü cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarından itibaren kapitalist ekonominin gelişme doğrultusuna uygun, evrimsel bir dönüşüm geçirmiş ve bu dönüşüm çerçevesinde büyük toprak sahipleri ile küçük üreticilerin bir arada var olduğu bir yapı ortaya çıkmıştır. 20. yüzyılın son yıllarına dek bu yapının, onu bir arada tutan en önemli unsuru, devletin tarım sektörüne verdiği sübvansiyonlardı. Bu sübvansiyonlar, küçük üreticiler üzerinde piyasanın olumsuz etkilerini ve öngörülemezliğini bir ölçüde azaltmakta ve üretimi teşvik eder nitelikteydi. Ne var ki, 1990’ların ortasından itibaren finansal açıdan önce istikrarsız, ardından da sürdürülemez hale gelen kamu kesimi ekonomisinde, tarımsal destekler ortadan kaldırılması gereken bir harcama kalemi olarak öne çıktı. 1999’da IMF danışmanlığında başlatılan yapısal uyum programı, 2001 krizinin ardından Güçlü Ekonomiye Geçiş Programı olarak sürdürüldü ve bu süreçte devletin tarımsal destek sistemi büyük ölçüde tasfiye edildi. Bu tasfiyede, tarımsal desteklerin sağlanmasında kullanılan kurumların özelleştirilmesi önemli bir yöntem olarak öne çıktı. Bu çalışma, yaşanan tasfiyenin tarım sektöründeki sonuçları ve tarımsal istihdama etkilerini incelemektedir

Kaynakça

  • Althusser, Louis (1971) “Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses”, in Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays, New York: Monthly Review.
  • Bernstein, Henry (1979) “African Peasantries: A Theoretical Framework”, The Journal of Peasant Studies, 6(4), p. 421-443.
  • Boratav, Korkut (2004) Türkiye İktisat Tarihi 1908-2002, Istanbul: İmge.
  • Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) (2001) Strengthening the Turkish Economy: Turkey’s Transition Program, https://goo.gl/vbCLqO (Accessed: 29.05.2013).
  • Clarke, Simon (2003) “The Neoliberal Theory of Society”, in Neoliberalism: A Critical Reader, (ed. A. Saad-Filho and D. Johnston), London: Pluto.
  • Duménil, Gérard and Dominique Lévy (2003) “The Neoliberal (Counter-) Revolution”, in Neoliberalism: A Critical Reader, (ed. A. Saad-Filho and D. Johnston), London: Pluto.
  • Eaton, John (2009) Keynes'e Karşı Marx, tr. T.Ok, İstanbul: Evrensel.
  • Friedman, Milton (1982) Capitalism and Freedom, Chicago: The University of Chicago.
  • Government of Turkey (1999a) Letter of Intent dated 09.12.1999, Ankara, https://goo.gl/yA8SHs (Accessed: 29.05.2013).
  • Government of Turkey (1999a) Attachments of the Letter of Intent dated 09.12.1999, Ankara, https://goo.gl/x9hlBL (Accessed: 29.05.2013).
  • Government of Turkey (2000) Letter of Intent dated 18.12.2000, Ankara, https://goo.gl/pPqlaa (Accessed: 29.05.2013).
  • Hayek, Friedrich August (2006) The Road to Serfdom, London and New York: Routledge. Keynes, John Maynard (1997) The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, New York: Prometheus.
  • Marx, Karl [1887] Capital: A Critique of Political Economy - Volume I, tr. S. Moore and E. Aveling (ed. F. Engels), https://goo.gl/eULLsl (Accessed 29.05.2016).
  • Marx, Karl [1937] The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, tr. Progress Publishers, https://goo.gl/vXqLWL (Accessed: 29.05.2016).
  • Önal, Nevzat Evrim (2012) “Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’ndan Cumhuriyet’e Geçişte Büyük Toprak Sahiplerinin Sınıfsal Rolü ve Dönüşümü”, METU Studies in Development, 39(1), p. 137-169.
  • State Planning Organization (DPT) (1963) Birinci Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı 1963-1968, Ankara: DPT.
  • State Statistics Institute (DİE) (1973) Türkiye’de Toplumsal ve Ekonomik Gelişmenin 50 Yılı, Ankara: DİE.
  • World Bank (1985) Staff Appraisal Report: Turkey Agruicultural Sector Adjustment Loan, Report No. 5576-TU, https://goo.gl/uOylkY (Accessed: 29.05.2016).
Toplam 18 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Nevzat Evrim Önal Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Önal, N. E. (2016). THE EFFECTS OF PRIVATIZATION ON AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES AND SMALL- SCALE FARMING: THE CASE OF TURKEY. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, 4(2), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.14514/BYK.m.21478082.2016.4/2.1-19
AMA Önal NE. THE EFFECTS OF PRIVATIZATION ON AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES AND SMALL- SCALE FARMING: THE CASE OF TURKEY. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi. Aralık 2016;4(2):1-19. doi:10.14514/BYK.m.21478082.2016.4/2.1-19
Chicago Önal, Nevzat Evrim. “THE EFFECTS OF PRIVATIZATION ON AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES AND SMALL- SCALE FARMING: THE CASE OF TURKEY”. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi 4, sy. 2 (Aralık 2016): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.14514/BYK.m.21478082.2016.4/2.1-19.
EndNote Önal NE (01 Aralık 2016) THE EFFECTS OF PRIVATIZATION ON AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES AND SMALL- SCALE FARMING: THE CASE OF TURKEY. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi 4 2 1–19.
IEEE N. E. Önal, “THE EFFECTS OF PRIVATIZATION ON AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES AND SMALL- SCALE FARMING: THE CASE OF TURKEY”, Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, c. 4, sy. 2, ss. 1–19, 2016, doi: 10.14514/BYK.m.21478082.2016.4/2.1-19.
ISNAD Önal, Nevzat Evrim. “THE EFFECTS OF PRIVATIZATION ON AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES AND SMALL- SCALE FARMING: THE CASE OF TURKEY”. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi 4/2 (Aralık 2016), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.14514/BYK.m.21478082.2016.4/2.1-19.
JAMA Önal NE. THE EFFECTS OF PRIVATIZATION ON AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES AND SMALL- SCALE FARMING: THE CASE OF TURKEY. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi. 2016;4:1–19.
MLA Önal, Nevzat Evrim. “THE EFFECTS OF PRIVATIZATION ON AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES AND SMALL- SCALE FARMING: THE CASE OF TURKEY”. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, c. 4, sy. 2, 2016, ss. 1-19, doi:10.14514/BYK.m.21478082.2016.4/2.1-19.
Vancouver Önal NE. THE EFFECTS OF PRIVATIZATION ON AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES AND SMALL- SCALE FARMING: THE CASE OF TURKEY. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi. 2016;4(2):1-19.