DOES INTERNATIONAL TRADE EFFECT INCOME INEQUALITY?: EVIDENCE FOR G-7 COUNTRIES

Yıl 2022, Beykoz Akademi Dergisi 2022 Özel Sayı, 69 - 75, 01.05.2022

Ferda Nakıpoğlu Özsoy Aslı Özpolat

Öz

It has been widely accepted that international trade contributes significantly to increasing the size of the market, domestic production, productivity, and ultimately economic growth. However, as the volume of international trade has increased significantly, income inequality has long been a topic in economics that has attracted the attention of economists. It appears that there is no consensus on the effect of international trade on income inequality in the literature. While some studies suggest that the increasing volume of international trade contributes to narrow the income gap in countries, some studies argue that international trade negatively affects the income distribution or the effect of trade on the income gap is not clear. Accordingly, the study investigated the relationship between exports, imports, economic growth, foreign direct investments, and income inequality in terms of G-7 countries in the 2003-2019 period. As a result of the findings of the FMOLS estimator, there is a close relationship between income inequality and international trade. For selected developed countries, increasing exports and imports further increase the income gap, while economic growth and foreign direct investments reduce income inequality.

Anahtar Kelimeler

FMOLS estimator, G-7 Countries, International Trade

ULUSLARARASI TİCARET GELİR EŞİTSİZLİĞİNİ ETKİLİYOR MU?: G-7 ÜLKELERİ İÇİN SONUÇLAR

Öz

Uluslararası ticaretin pazarın büyüklüğünü, yerli üretimi, üretkenliği artırdığı ve nihayetinde ekonomik büyümeye önemli ölçüde katkıda bulunduğu yaygın olarak kabul edilmektedir. Ancak, uluslararası ticaret hacmi önemli ölçüde arttığında, gelir eşitsizliği ekonomi alanında uzun süredir ilgi konusu olmuştur. Literatürde uluslararası ticaretin gelir eşitsizliği üzerindeki etkisi konusunda bir fikir birliği olmadığı görülmektedir. Bazı çalışmalar artan uluslararası ticaret hacminin ülkelerdeki gelir açığını kapatmaya katkıda bulunduğunu öne sürerken, bazı çalışmalar uluslararası ticaretin gelir dağılımını olumsuz etkilediğini veya ticaretin gelir açığı üzerindeki etkisinin net olmadığını savunmaktadır. Buna göre çalışmada 2003-2019 döneminde G-7 ülkeleri açısından ihracat, ithalat, ekonomik büyüme, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve gelir eşitsizliği arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. FMOLS tahmincisinin bulguları sonucunda gelir eşitsizliği ile uluslararası ticaret arasında yakın bir ilişki vardır. Seçilmiş gelişmiş ülkeler için, artan ihracat ve ithalat gelir açığını daha da artırırken, ekonomik büyüme ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar gelir eşitsizliğini azaltmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

FMOLS tahmincisi, G-7 Ülkeleri, Uluslararası Ticaret

Kaynakça

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