SOCIAL NETWORKS IN THE JEWELRY INDUSTRY: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ON ETHNIC/MINORITY ENTREPRENEURS IN TURKİYE

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 172 - 195, 26.06.2024

Meri Taksi Deveciyan

https://doi.org/10.14514/beykozad.1379111

Öz

Azınlık girişimciliği, bir ükedeki çoğunluk nüfustan olmayan, farklı etnik kökendeki işletme sahiplerini ifade etmektedir. Sosyal ağ kavramı ise, yenilikçi faaliyetleri, ilişkileri ve pozisyonları kolaylaştırmak için önemli olan ve bunlar arasındaki bağlantılar olarak tanımlanan maddi olmayan varlıkları ifade eder. Azınlık girişimciliği, işletmelerin yoğunlaştığı bölgelerdeki kültürel mozaiğin korunmasına, sürdürülmesine ve ayrımcılığın önlenmesine katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada azınlık girişimciliği kavramı, Türkiye'nin İstanbul ilinde kuyumculuk sektöründe faaliyet gösteren ve çoğunluk nüfusa dahil olmayan işletme sahipleri olarak ele alınmaktadır. Çalışma sonucunda kuyumculuk sektöründeki azınlık girişimcilerin kaynaklara ulaşmak için sosyal ağlarından (özellikle eş etnik gruptan oluşanlardan) büyük ölçüde faydalandıkları tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada, Türkiye'de azınlıkların en yoğun katılım gösterdiği, bir arada olduğu ve sosyal ağ kullanımının kolaylıkla tespit edilebildiği sektörlerden biri olarak kabul edilen kuyumculuk sektörü incelenmektedir. Çalışma ile sosyal ağların azınlık girişimciliğindeki rolünü ortaya koymak amaçlanmış olup, nitel bir araştırma yöntemi olarak fenomenoloji tasarımı kullanılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Etnik Girişimcilik, Azınlık Girişimciliği, Sosyal Ağlar, Sosyal Ağ Teorisi, Usta

Proje Numarası

---

SOCIAL NETWORKS IN THE JEWELRY INDUSTRY: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ON ETHNIC/MINORITY ENTREPRENEURS IN TURKİYE

Öz

Minority entrepreneurship refers to business owners who are not part of the majority population and whose ethnic background is different. The concept of social networks refers to non-material assets that are important for facilitating innovative activities, relationships, and positions, and are defined as the connections among them. Minority entrepreneurship contributes to the preservation, continuation and prevention of discrimination of cultural mosaics in regions where businesses are concentrated. In this study, the concept of minority entrepreneurship refers to owners of businesses in the jewelry industry in Istanbul, Türkiye who are not part of the majority population. As a result of the study, it has been determined that minority entrepreneurs in the jewelry sector benefit greatly from their social networks (especially co-ethnic ones) to reach resources.The study examines the jewelry industry, which is considered to be one of the sectors where minorities in Türkiye most heavily participate and congregate, and where the use of social networks can easily be identified. The aim of the study is to reveal the role of social networks in minority entrepreneurship, and the phenomenology design as a qualitative research method was used

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ethnic Entrepreneurship, Minority Entrepreneurship, Social Networks, Social Network Theory, Master

Etik Beyan

Çalışma 2.yazarın danışmanlığında 1.yazarın doktora tezinden üretilmiş olduğundan (kabul tarihi:aralık 2021) verileri 2020 yılı öncesinde toplanmıştır. Ulakbim’de belirtilmiş olduğu üzere “2020 yılı öncesi verileri toplanmış çalışmalarda etik kurul izni gerekmemektedir” bilgisi bağlamında çalışma etik kurul izni gerektirmemektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

---

Proje Numarası

---

Teşekkür

---

Kaynakça

• Aldrich, H., & Martinez, M.A. (2001). Many are called, but few are chosen: An evolutionary perspective for the study of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice Journal, pp.41-56.
• Aldrich, H. E., & Waldinger, R. (1990). Ethnicity and entrepreneurship. Annual Review of Sociology, 111-135.
• Aliaga-Isla, R. (2014). Informal networks and start-up entrepreneurs in Spain: networking other entrepreneurs and angel investors. Available at SSRN 2479799.
• Baycan Levent, T., Masurel, E., & Nijkamp, P. (2003). Diversity in entrepreneurship: ethnic and female roles in urban economic life. International Journal Of Social Economics, 30(11), 1131-1161.
• Blanchett, M., Chen, A., Rubach, M. J., & Duggins, R. (2019). Social capital and success of minority entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Diversity, 19(5).
• Blount, I. Y., Smith, D. A., & Hill, J. A. (2013). Minority business networks as sources of social capital for minority firms. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 18(03), 1350019.
• Bournoutian, G.A. (2016). Ermeni Tarihi,Aras Yayıncılık, Translation:Ender Abadoğlu, Ohannes Kılıçdağı, Istanbul
• Caniels, M.C., & Romijn, H.A. (2008). Actor networks in strategic niche management: insights from social network theory. Futures, 40: 613-629.
• Chaganti, R., & Greene, P. G. (2002). Who are ethnic entrepreneurs? A study of entrepreneursapos; ethnic involvement and business characteristics. Journal Of Small Business Management, 40(2), 126-143.
• Chand, M., & Ghorbani, M. (2011). National culture, networks and ethnic entrepreneurship: A comparison of the Indian and Chinese immigrants in the US. International Business Review, 20(6), 593-606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2011.02.009
• Creswell, J. W. (2007), Qualitative ınquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Thousands Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.
• Curran, J., Jarvis, R., Blackburn, R. A., & Black, S. (1993). Networks and small firms: constructs, methodological strategies and some findings. International Small Business Journal, 11(2), 13-25.
• Danes, S. M., Lee, J., Stafford, K., & Heck, R. K. Z. (2008). The effects of ethnicity, families and culture on entrepreneurial experience: An extension of sustainable family business theory. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 13(03), 229-268.
• Deakins, D., Ishaq, M., Smallbone, D., Whittam, G., & Wyper, J. (2007). Ethnic minority businesses in Scotland and the role of social capital. International Small Business Journal, 25(3), 307-326.
• DeCarolis, D. M. & Saparito, P. (2006). Social capital, cognition, and entrepreneurial opportunities: a theoretical framework. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(1):41-56.
• Desmond, N. (2010). Networking in Ireland’s ethnic enterprises: Entrepreneurship and opportunity. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
• Dini, K. (2009). Using Multiple Business Networks (co-ethic, Other Ethnic and Non-immigrant) in Australia: An Approach in Ethnic Entrepreneurship Networking [Doctoral dissertation], Swinburne University of Technology, Faculty of Business and Enterprise.
• Fadahunsi, A., Smallbone, D., & Supri, S. (2000). Networking and ethnic minority enterprise development: insights from a North London study. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 7(3), 228-240.
• Fong, E., & Chan, E. (2010). The effect of economic standing, individual preferences, and co-ethnic resources on immigrant residential clustering. International Migration Review, 44(1), 111-141.
• Granovetter, M (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360–80. ––– (2005). The impact of social structure on economic outcomes. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 33–50.
• Kallas, E. (2019). Environment-readiness entrepreneurship intention model: The case of Estonians and the Russian-speaking minority in Estonia. Sage Open, 9(1), 2158244018821759. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018821759
• Kerr, W. R., & Mandorff, M. (2015). Social networks, ethnicity, and entrepreneurship (No. w21597). National Bureau of Economic Research.
• Lee, H. (2009). Dimensions of entrepreneurship–a study of first and second generation ethnic Chinese in Melbourne, [Doctoral dissertation], Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne
• Masurel, E., Nijkamp, P., Tastan, M., & Vindigni, G. (2002). Motivations and performance conditions for ethnic entrepreneurship. Growth and Change, 33(2), 238-260.
• Mavoothu, D. (2009). A literature review on the benefits of ethnic and minority entrepreneurship.
• Nwankwo, S., Gbadamosi, A., & Ojo, S. (2012). Religion, spirituality and entrepreneurship: The church as entrepreneurial space among British Africans. Society And Business Review.
• Rahman, M. Z., Ullah, F., & Thompson, P. (2018). Challenges and issues facing ethnic minority small business owners: The Scottish experience. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 19(3), 177-193.
• Ram, M., & Jones, T. (2002). Exploring the connection: Ethnic minority businesses and the family enterprise. In Understanding the small family business (pp. 171-181). Routledge.
• Robinson, S., & Stubberud, H. A. (2010). An analysis of informal social networks by industry. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 14, 1.
• Schøtt, T., Cheraghi, M., Rezaei, S., & Vang, J. (2014). Innovation embedded in entrepreneurs’ networks in private and public spheres: A global study focusing on China and Denmark. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 23(1-2), 145-167.
• Sepulveda Ramirez, L., Lyon, F., Botero, A., & Syrett, S. (2007). Formalising new arrival enterprises: challenges of new ethnic entrepreneurship for business support policy.
• Sithas, M. T. M., & Dissanayake, D. M. R. (2019). Social network and ethnic minority entrepreneurship: A theoretical review and practices. Archives of Business Research, 7(6), 1-8.
• Šimić Banović, R., Škokić, V., & Alpeza, M. (2022). Informal networks among immigrant entrepreneurs: Case of Croatia. Informality, labour mobility and precariousness: Supplementing the state for the invisible and the vulnerable, 95-123.
• Ostgaard, TA & Birley, S. (1994). Personal networks and firm competitive strategy — A strategic or coincidental match? Journal of Business Venturing, 9(4), 281–305.
• Tesfom, G., & Lutz, C. (2009). Immigrant entrepreneurs challenging conventional wisdom: the adherence to immigrant networks plays a minor role in business success. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 8(2), 241-258.
• Volery, T. (2007). Ethnic entrepreneurship: a theoretical framework. Handbook of research on ethnic minority entrepreneurship, 1, 30-41.
• Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2011), Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık
• Waldinger, R., H. Aldrich, and R. Ward (1990). Ethnic Entrepreneurs. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage Publications
• Zhou, M. (2004). Revisiting ethnic entrepreneurship: Convergencies, controversies, and conceptual advancements 1. International Migration Review, 38(3), 1040-1074.