Regional Analysis of Informal Employment in Türkiye: A Microeconometric Analysis

Öz

The aim of this study is to determine the socio-demographic characteristics affecting informal employment in Turkey. The study included 219,939 individuals from the 2023 Turkish Statistical Institute Household Labor Force Survey Micro Data Set, and a probit regression model was used as the research method. The dependent variable is whether or not someone is registered with the Social Security Institution; the independent variables are region, gender, age, marital status, sector of employment, education level, type of employment, and number of employees. The research findings show that the probability of informal employment is lower for women compared to men; and higher for married individuals compared to single individuals. It was determined that those working in the public sector have a lower probability of informal employment compared to those working in the private sector. It was found that part-time workers have a higher probability of informal employment compared to full-time workers; and those who have not completed a school education have a higher probability compared to those with other education levels. Furthermore, it was observed that the probability of informal employment is higher in the 25-34, 35-44, and 45-54 age groups compared to the 15-24 age group. It was found that individuals aged 55-64 and 65 and over have a lower probability of working informally compared to those in the 15-24 age group. It was also determined that individuals in the TR2, TR3, TR4, TR5, TR6, TR7, TR8, TR9, TRA, TRB, and TRC regional groups have a lower probability of working informally compared to those working in the TR1 region; however, the higher number of employees increases the likelihood of informal employment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ınformal economy
• ınformal employment
• turkısh statistical ınstitute household labor force survey
• türkiye

Türkiye’de Kayıt Dışı İstihdamın Bölgesel Olarak İncelenmesi: Mikro Ekonometrik Bir Analiz

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de kayıt dışı istihdamı etkileyen sosyo-demografik özellikleri belirlemektir. Araştırmada Türkiye’de 2023 yılı Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) Hanehalkı İşgücü Anketi Mikro Veri Setinden 219939 kişi araştırmaya dâhil edilmiş ve araştırma yöntemi olarak probit regresyon modeli kullanılmıştır. Bağımlı değişken Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu’na (SGK) kayıtlı olup olmama durumu; bağımsız değişkenler ise bölge, cinsiyet, yaş, medeni durum, çalışılan sektör, eğitim seviyesi, çalışma şekli ve çalışan sayısıdır. Araştırma bulgularına bakıldığında erkeklere göre kadınların kayıt dışı çalışma olasılıklarının azalmakta olduğu; bekârlara göre ise evlilerin kayıt dışı çalışma olasılıklarının artmakta olduğu görülmektedir. Kamu sektöründe çalışanların özel sektörde çalışanlara göre kayıt dışı çalışma olasılıklarının azalmakta olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yarı zamanlı çalışanların tam zamanlı çalışanlara göre; bir okul bitirmeyenlerin diğer eğitim seviyelerindekilere göre kayıt dışı çalışma olasılıklarının artmakta olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 25-34, 35-44, 45-54 yaş grubundakilerin 15-24 yaş grubundakilere göre kayıt dışı çalışma olasılıklarının artmakta olduğu görülürken; 55-64 yaş ve 65 yaş ve üstü bireylerin ise 15-24 yaş grubundakilere göre kayıt dışı çalışma olasılıklarının azalmakta olduğu tespit edilmiştir. TR2, TR3, TR4, TR5, TR6, TR7, TR8, TR9, TRA, TRB ve TRC bölge gruplarındakilerin TR1 bölgesinde çalışanlara göre kayıt dışı çalışma olasılıklarının azalmakta olduğu; çalışan sayısının ise kayıt dışı çalışma ihtimalini artırmakta olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• kayıt dışı ekonomi
• kayıt dışı istihdam
• TÜİK hane halkı işgücü anketi
• Türkiye

Etik Beyan

Çalışmada Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu’nun yapmış olduğu hane halkı işgücü anketi verileri kullanıldığı için etik kurul izni gerekmemektedir.

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