Fintek Yatırımlarının Belirleyicileri: AB Ülkeleri ve Türkiye Örneği

Öz

Finans dünyası içerisinde uzun zamandır yer alan teknolojik gelişmelerin, son yıllarda finansal teknolojiler üzerinde etkisi daha fazla görülmektedir. Teknolojiyi araç olarak kullanan, geleneksel finansal hizmetleri kolaylaştıran fintek, dünyada internet ve mobil uygulamaların yaygınlaşması ile hızlı bir şekilde ilerleme göstermektedir. Son dönemde finansal teknolojilerin daha sık gündeme gelmesinin sebebi, mobilitenin artması ve dijital dünyanın genişlemesiyle hayatımızdaki öneminin artmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, dijital teknolojilerin gün geçtikçe ilerlemesi ile artan fintek yatırımlarının, teknolojik ve ekonomik belirleyicilerini araştırmak ve hangi faktörlerin, fintek yatırımlarını etkilediğini tespit etmektir. Bu bağlamda, 2006-2019 yılları arasında, Avrupa Birliği’ne üye ülkeler ve Türkiye için fintek yatırımlarının belirleyicileri, oluşturulan 2 farklı panel veri modeli ile test edilmiştir. Bu modeller sonucunda banka şubesi sayısı değişkeni, bağımlı değişken olan fintek yatırımlarını negatif yönde ve istatistiki olarak anlamlı olarak etkilemekte iken; hesap sahibi sayısı, gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla değişkenlerinin fintek yatırım tutarı üzerindeki etkisi pozitif yönde ve istatistiki olarak anlamlıdır. Ayrıca enflasyon oranı ve işsizlik oranının fintek yatırımları üzerinde anlamlı herhangi bir etkiye sahip olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fintek Ekosistemi
• Fintek Yatırımları
• Panel veri

Determinants of the Fintech Investments: Case of the Member Countries of the European Union and Turkey

Abstract

The effect of technological developments that took place in the finance world for a long time was more frequently felt on the financial technologies in recent years. Facilitating conventional financial services by using technology as a tool, the fintech makes rapid progress along with the spread of internet and mobile applications across the world. The reason for the financial technologies to be brought to the agenda more frequently in the recent period is the increase in their importance along with the enhancement of mobility and the expansion of the digital world. This study aims to analyze the technological and economic determinants of the fintech investments which grow along with the further development of digital technology with each passing day and to identify which factors affect the fintech investments. In this conjunction, the determinants of the fintech investments in 2006-2019 for the member countries of the European Union and Turkey were tested through two different panel data models created under the study. As per these models, the variable of the number of bank branches has a statistically significant negative association with the dependent variable, the fintech investments, whereas the variables ofthe number of bank account holders and gross domestic product have statistically significant positive associations with the fintech investments. 

Keywords

• Fintech Ecosystem
• Fintech Investment
• Panel Data

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