Küreselleşen Dünyada Ahlaki Sınırlar: Bir Milliyetçilik Eleştirisi

Öz

Bu makale, Benedict Anderson’ın ünlü milliyetçilik tanımına odaklanarak, giderek birbirine daha fazla bağlanan bir dünyada milliyetçiliğin doğasında bulunan ahlaki ve etik sınırlamaları ve tarafgirliği araştırmaktadır. Varoluşçu felsefeden yola çıkarak, öncelikle dil, kültür ve toplum arasındaki ilişkiye odaklanmakta ve insan öznelliğinin bunlar arasındaki ilişki tarafından şekillendirildiği vurgulanmaktadır. Çalışma disiplinlerarası bir bakış açısıyla, milliyetçiliği bir söylem olarak ele alıyor ve hayali topluluklara ruh veren özcü kültür anlayışını ve bu anlayışın içerdiği dışlayıcı ahlaki çerçeveyi eleştiriyor. Milliyetçi ideolojinin millet ve toprak arasında kurduğu sedantarist metafiziğe ve bu metafiziğin “biz” ve “onlar” arasında çizdiği aşılamaz bir sınıra dikkat çekilmektedir. Çalışma, milliyetçiliğin ahlaki tarafgirliğine karşı, ulusal sınırları aşan alternatif bir ahlaki duruş olarak kozmopolitanizmi tartışmakta ve uygulanabilirliğini analiz etmektedir. Dahası, merkezi bir küresel egemen kurumun yokluğu ve kapitalizmin eşitsizlik üreten doğası, hem kozmopolit bir ahlakın hem de küresel adaletin önündeki engeller olarak vurgulanmaktadır. Bu kısıtlamalara bir çözüm olarak, milliyetçiliğin sınırlayıcı söylemini aşan ve küresel bir ahlaki ve etik bilince yol açan yeni dönüştürücü dil ve anlatılara duyulan ihtiyaca vurgu yapılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Milliyetçilik
• Ahlak ve Etik
• Kozmopolitanizm
• Söylem

Moral Boundaries in a Globalized World: A Critique of Nationalism

Öz

This article explores the moral and ethical limitations and partiality inherent in nationalism in an increasingly interconnected world, focusing on Benedict Anderson’s famous definition of nationalism. Drawing on existentialist philosophy, it first focuses on the relationship between language, culture, and society, emphasizing that human subjectivity is shaped by the relationship between them. From an interdisciplinary perspective, it takes nationalism as a discourse and critiques the essentialist understanding of culture that gives soul to imagined communities and the exclusionary moral framework that this understanding entails. It draws attention to the sedantarist metaphysics that nationalist ideology establishes between the nation and the territory, and to the fact that this metaphysics draws an unbridgeable boundary between “us” and “them.” Against the moral partiality of nationalism, the paper discusses cosmopolitanism as an alternative moral stance that transcends national boundaries and analyzes its applicability. The absence of a central global sovereign institution and the inequality-producing nature of capitalism are highlighted as obstacles to both a cosmopolitan morality and global justice. As a solution to these limitations, the article stresses the need for new transformative languages and narratives that transcend the limiting discourse of nationalism and give rise to a global moral and ethical consciousness.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nationalism
• Morality and Ethics
• Cosmopolitanism
• Discourse

Kaynakça

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