Araştırma Makalesi

K-Means Clustering Analysis: Examination of Logistics Performance Index (LPI) Values Using R Software

Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2 5 Ocak 2026
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K-Means Clustering Analysis: Examination of Logistics Performance Index (LPI) Values Using R Software

Öz

This study addresses a key limitation in Logistics Performance Index (LPI) research. Countries are typically grouped by geographic region or economic bloc, and these classifications may not reflect true similarities in logistics performance. Traditional groupings may therefore fail to capture underlying patterns in logistics capability. A data-driven country classification based on LPI scores is proposed using k-means clustering. This approach offers a methodological contribution that can inform weighting, ranking, and forecasting studies in literature. The analysis applies k-means clustering in the R environment to the World Bank's 2023 overall LPI scores for 139 countries and groups countries by logistics performance level. The elbow criterion indicates that the 139 countries can be partitioned into three clusters. These clusters are labeled “countries with limited logistics infrastructure and service capacity,” “rising economies with developing logistics systems,” and “advanced and globally competitive logistics hubs.” Silhouette analysis favors a more parsimonious structure and supports a two-cluster solution. The two clusters are “countries with low-to-medium logistics performance” and “countries with high logistics performance.” Overall, the results show that LPI-based groupings differ from conventional geographic or economic blocs and provide a more methodologically coherent segmentation of countries in terms of logistics performance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Acar, M. F. (2021a). Lojistik etkinlik: Türkiye ve OECD. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, (23), 512–517.
  2. Acar, M. F. (2021b). Lojistik performans indeks: Türkiye–Avrupa Birliği karşılaştırması. International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Pure Sciences, 33(3), 422–428.
  3. Ahmed, M., Seraj, R., & Islam, S. M. S. (2020). The k-means algorithm: A comprehensive survey and performance evaluation. Electronics, 9(8), 1295.
  4. Alnıpak, S. (2024). AHS–COCOSO yöntemi ile APEC ülkelerinin lojistik performanslarının değerlendirilmesi. Tarsus Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1), 13–26.
  5. Arvis, J.-F., Ojala, L., Shepherd, B., Ulybina, D., & Wiederer, C. (2023). Connecting to compete 2023: Trade logistics in an uncertain global economy. The Logistics Performance Index and its indicators. World Bank.
  6. Babayigit, B., Gürbüz, F., & Denizhan, B. (2023). Logistics performance index estimating with artificial intelligence. International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, 16(3–4), 360–371.
  7. Beysenbaev, R., & Dus, Y. (2020). Proposals for improving the Logistics Performance Index. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 36(1), 34–42.
  8. Cansız, Ö. F., & Ünsalan, K. (2020). Yapay zekâ ve istatistiksel yöntemler ile küresel ticarette rekabet ölçütü olan lojistik performans indeksine (LPI) etken parametrelerin ülke bazlı incelenmesi ve tahmin modellerinin geliştirilmesi. Fırat Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 32(2), 571–582.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Ekonometrik ve İstatistiksel Yöntemler, Üretim ve Operasyon Yönetimi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

5 Ocak 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

8 Aralık 2025

Kabul Tarihi

30 Aralık 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Şimşek, A. (2026). K-Means Clustering Analysis: Examination of Logistics Performance Index (LPI) Values Using R Software. BilgeTürk Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(2), 148-178. https://izlik.org/JA48SM77KN
AMA
1.Şimşek A. K-Means Clustering Analysis: Examination of Logistics Performance Index (LPI) Values Using R Software. bilgeTurk. 2026;9(2):148-178. https://izlik.org/JA48SM77KN
Chicago
Şimşek, Ali. 2026. “K-Means Clustering Analysis: Examination of Logistics Performance Index (LPI) Values Using R Software”. BilgeTürk Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 9 (2): 148-78. https://izlik.org/JA48SM77KN.
EndNote
Şimşek A (01 Ocak 2026) K-Means Clustering Analysis: Examination of Logistics Performance Index (LPI) Values Using R Software. BilgeTürk Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 9 2 148–178.
IEEE
[1]A. Şimşek, “K-Means Clustering Analysis: Examination of Logistics Performance Index (LPI) Values Using R Software”, bilgeTurk, c. 9, sy 2, ss. 148–178, Oca. 2026, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA48SM77KN
ISNAD
Şimşek, Ali. “K-Means Clustering Analysis: Examination of Logistics Performance Index (LPI) Values Using R Software”. BilgeTürk Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 9/2 (01 Ocak 2026): 148-178. https://izlik.org/JA48SM77KN.
JAMA
1.Şimşek A. K-Means Clustering Analysis: Examination of Logistics Performance Index (LPI) Values Using R Software. bilgeTurk. 2026;9:148–178.
MLA
Şimşek, Ali. “K-Means Clustering Analysis: Examination of Logistics Performance Index (LPI) Values Using R Software”. BilgeTürk Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, c. 9, sy 2, Ocak 2026, ss. 148-7, https://izlik.org/JA48SM77KN.
Vancouver
1.Ali Şimşek. K-Means Clustering Analysis: Examination of Logistics Performance Index (LPI) Values Using R Software. bilgeTurk [Internet]. 01 Ocak 2026;9(2):148-7. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA48SM77KN