Farabi’nin Epistemolojisindeki Aklın Özü ve Tipolojisi

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 95, 79 - 95, 19.10.2020

Zhakypbek Altaev Aliya Massalimova Assyl Tuleubekov Aizhan Doskozhanova

https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9504

Cited By: 4

Öz

Bu makalede, el-Farabi felsefî doktrinde sunulan akıl biçimleri anlatılmaktadır. Orta Çağ'ın ünlü düşünürü ve alimi Ebu Nasr el-Farabi, yalnızca Platon ve Aristo gibi birçok eski düşünürün felsefesini takip etmesiyle bilinmemektedir. Eski düşünürlerin ontoloji ve epistemoloji alanındaki başarılarına dayanarak, el-Farabi özgün bir biliş ve insan zekası anlayışı geliştirmiştir. El-Farabi’nin zeka çalışmasının geleneğinin bir özelliği de, zihnin ontolojiyle ve aklın ortaya çıkışının doğal nedenleriyle daha derin bir bağlantı kurmasıdır. Böylece Farabi, insan aklının kozmolojik doğasına özel bir önem vermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ontoloji, epistemoloji, biliş, insan zekası, kozmoloji

Essence and Typology of Intellect in al-Farabi’s Epistemology

Öz

This paper describes the forms of intellect presented in the philosophical doctrine of al-Farabi. The famous thinker and scholar of the Middle Ages, Abu Nasr al-Farabi, is known not only for following the philosophy of many ancient thinkers, such as, especially, Plato and Aristotle. Based on the achievements of ancient thinkers in the field of ontology and epistemology, al-Farabi developed an original conception of cognition and human intellect. A specific feature of the Farabian tradition of studying the intellect is that he offered a deeper connection of the mind with ontology and the natural causes of the emergence of intellect. Thus, al-Farabi puts a special emphasis on the cosmological nature of human intellect.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ontology, epistemology, cognition, human intellect, cosmology

Kaynakça

• Adamson, Peter and Richard C. Taylor (2005). The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Adamson, Peter (2015). Philosophy in the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Alfarabi (2001). The Political Writings: “Selected Aphorisms” and Other Texts. Cornell University Press.
• Al-Farabi (1972). On the Meanings of the [Word] Intellect [in Russian] / О значениях [слова] интеллект. (in Russian). Alma-Ata: Nauka.
• Al-Farabi (1972). Principles of the Opinions of the Citizens of the Virtuous City. (in Russian). Alma-Ata: Nauka.
• Bertolacci, Amos (2012). “Arabic and Islamic Metaphysics”. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Archive.
• Black, Deborah L. (2006). Arabic Sciences and Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 11-45.
• Colmo, Christopher. “Theory and Practice: Alfarabi’s Plato Revisited”. The American Political Science Review 86 (4): 966-976.
• Davidson, Herbert A. (1992). Alfarabi, Avicenna and Averroes on Intellect. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Fakhry, Majid (2002). Al-Farabi, Founder of Islamic Neoplatonism: His Life, Work and Influence. Oxford: OneWorld.
• Fakhry, Majid (2004). A history of Islamic philosophy. New York: Columbia University Press.
• Fakhry, Majid (1965). “Al-Farabi and the Reconciliation of Plato and Aristotle”. Journal of the History of Ideas 26 (4): 469-478.
• Kaukua, Jari and Tomas Ekenberg (2016). Subjectivity and Selfhood in Medieval and Early Modern Philosophy. Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
• Kaukua, Jari (2015). Self-Awareness in Islamic Philosophy: Avicenna and Beyond. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• McGinnis, Jon and David C. Reisman (2007). Classical Arabic philosophy: an anthology of sources. Translated with introduction, notes, and glossary by Jon
• McGinnis and David C. Reisman. Indianapolis/Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company.
• Rashed, Marwan (2009). “On the Authorship of the Treatise on the Harmonization of the Opinions of the Two Sages Attributed to al-Farabi”. Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 19: 43-82.