BRICKS AND CLICKS: ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE ARBITRATION IN TURKEY FOR CROSS-BORDER BUSINESS TO CONSUMER E-COMMERCE DISPUTES

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 113 - 146, 31.07.2019

Cemre Çise Kadıoğlu

Öz

The lack of effective legal remedies builds
barriers before business to consumer (hereinafter B2C) electronic commerce. In
this regard, online dispute resolution (hereinafter ODR) mechanisms remedy this
need through offering alternative ways to craft a more reliable market by
increasing the confidence of consumers to enter into cross-border electronic
commerce. With this feature, ODR mechanisms accord Turkey valuable
opportunities to attract more businesses and consumers. Particularly, within
the ambit of arbitration, online arbitration may be more easily implemented in
Turkey because the current arbitration regulations of the country satisfy the
necessity international standards that are sought for efficient and efficacious
arbitration procedure. There are, of course, some challenges to online
arbitration, such as arbitrability, enforceability, and determining a lex arbitri. These issues mainly arise
out of courts’ efforts to interpret laws in a way most favorable to consumers.
As an initial step to promote online arbitration, arbitral institutions may
incentivize this mechanism via their
rules. Further, to broaden the scope of Turkish institutions’ availability to
cross-border users, negotiations for Turkey’s accession to ODR platform
provided within the European Union should be furthered.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Online Dispute Resolution, Online Arbitration, Business to Consumer, Electronic Commerce, Cross-Border

ÇEVRİMİÇİ UYUŞMAZLIK ÇÖZÜM YÖNTEMLERİ VE SINIR ÖTESİ İŞLETMEDEN TÜKETİCİYE ELEKTRONİK TİCARET UYUŞMAZLIKLARINDA ÇEVRİMİÇİ TAHKİMİN TÜRKİYE’DE UYGULANMASI

Öz

Tarafların başvurabilecekleri etkili hukuki yolun bulunmaması,
işletmeden tüketiciye elektronik ticaretin gelişmesine engel olmaktadır.
Çevrimiçi uyuşmazlık çözüm yolları tüketicilerin sınır ötesi elektronik
ticarete olan güvenlerini artırarak daha güvenilir bir pazar oluşturmak adına
seçenek sunmaktadır. Çevrimiçi uyuşmazlık çözüm yollarının benimsenmesi,
dünyada en çok internet kullanıcısının olduğu ülkelerden biri olan Türkiye’nin
daha çok işletme ve tüketiciyi çekmesini sağlayabilecektir. Diğer çevrimiçi
uyuşmazlık çözüm yollarına kıyasla Türkiye’de çevrimiçi tahkimin uygulanması
tahkim kanunlarının uluslararası standartlara uygun olması; diğer yöntemlerin
benimsenmesini zorlaştıran kültürel ve teknolojik engellerin olması nedeniyle
daha kolay olacaktır. Çevrimiçi tahkimin önünde de tahkime elverişlilik, tenfiz
ve tahkim yerinin belirlenmesi gibi sorunlar bulunmaktadır. Bu sorunlar
mahkemelerin kanunları tüketici yararına yorumlamaya çalışmalarından
kaynaklanmaktadır. Çevrimiçi tahkim, tüketici yanlısı bir yöntem olduğundan
Türk mahkemelerinin yorumlarını ve bakış açılarını değiştirmelerini
gerektirmektedir. Bu uyuşmazlık çözüm yöntemini teşvik etmek için tahkim
kuruluşları kendi kuralları uyarınca çevrimiçi tahkimi destekleyebilirler.
Sınır ötesinde bulunan tüketicilerin bu kurumlara erişimini artırmak için
Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği’nin sağladığı çevrimiçi uyuşmazlık çözüm platformuna
katılımını sağlamak yönünde müzakerelerin ilerletilmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çevrimiçi Uyuşmazlık Çözüm Yöntemleri, Çevrimiçi Tahkim, İşletmeden Tüketiciye, Elektronik Ticaret, Sınır Ötesi

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