Arı Ekmeğinin İnsan HMC3 Mikroglia Hücre Hattındaki Sitotoksik Etkileri

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 19 - 25, 19.12.2025

Faysal Yilmaz , Gökçe Taner

Öz

Bu çalışma, Bursa bölgesinden elde edilen arı ekmeği (AE) ekstraktının insan HMC3 mikroglia hücre hattındaki sitotoksik etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mikroglialar, merkezi sinir sisteminde immün yanıtların düzenlenmesi ve homeostazın korunmasında kritik rol oynayan hücrelerdir. AE, polifenoller, flavonoidler, vitaminler ve minerallerce zengin bir arı ürünü olup, düşük dozlarda antioksidan ve antienflamatuvar özellikleriyle hücresel koruma sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Deneysel çalışmada, kültüre alınan HMC3 hücreleri farklı AE konsantrasyonları (50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 ve 2000 ppm) ile 24 saat inkübe edilmiştir. Hücre metabolik aktivitesi 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) testi ile, lizozomal membran bütünlüğü ise nötral kırmızısı alım (NKA) testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, solvent kontrol (SK) grubuna göre normalize edilmiş ve istatistiksel analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir.
MTT testi sonuçlarına göre, AE 50–200 ppm aralığında hücre metabolik aktivitesini hafif artırmış (%114– 118), 500 ve 1000 ppm’de kontrol düzeyine yakın sonuçlar elde edilmiş, 2000 ppm’de ise anlamlı düşüş (%74,2; p<0.01) gözlenmiştir. Benzer şekilde NKA testi de, 50–500 ppm’de hücre canlılığının büyük oranda korunduğunu (%90–97), ancak 1000 ve 2000 ppm’de belirgin azalma (%87; p<0.01) olduğunu göstermiştir. Her iki testte de yüksek dozlarda düşük toksisite bulguları ortaya çıkmıştır.
Sonuçlar, AE’nin düşük-orta konsantrasyonlarda mikroglia hücre canlılığını koruyabildiğini veya artırabildiğini, yüksek dozlarda ise sitotoksisite gösterebileceğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu bulgular, AE’nin nöroprotektif potansiyelini desteklemekte; ancak güvenli doz aralığının belirlenmesi ve etki mekanizmalarının anlaşılması için ileri toksikolojik ve mekanistik çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arı ekmeği , sitotoksisite , MTT , NKA , mikroglia

Cytotoxic Effects of Bee Bread on Human HMC3 Microglia Cell Line

Öz

This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of bee bread (BB) extract obtained from Bursa region on the human HMC3 microglia cell line. Microglia play a critical role in maintaining central nervous system homeostasis and regulating immune responses. BB is a natural bee product rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamins, and minerals, which may exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects at low concentrations, thereby supporting cellular protection.
In this experimental design, cultured HMC3 cells were incubated for 24 hours with BB extract at concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm. Cell metabolic activity was assessed using the MTT assay, while lysosomal membrane integrity was evaluated using the neutral red (NR) assay. Data were normalized to the solvent control (SC) group, and statistical analyses were performed.
MTT results indicated a mild increase in metabolic activity at 50–200 ppm (114–118% of control), values close to control at 500 and 1000 ppm, and a significant decrease at 2000 ppm (74.2%; p<0.01). NR results showed substantial preservation of cell viability at 50–500 ppm (90–97%), with notable reductions at 1000 and 2000 ppm (87%; p<0.01). Both assays demonstrated signs of toxicity at higher concentrations.

Overall, BB preserved or enhanced microglial cell viability at low-to-moderate concentrations, while high concentrations induced significant cytotoxicity. These findings support the neuroprotective potential of BB but emphasize the need for precise concentration optimization and further mechanistic and toxicological studies to ensure safe and effective therapeutic applications in neurological disorders.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bee bread , Cytotoxicity , MTT , NRU , microglia

Etik Beyan

This article was derived from the study entitled “Investigation of the Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Bee Bread on BV-2 and N9 Microglia Cell Lines”, which was supported by the Bursa Technical University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office under project number 231N004.

Destekleyen Kurum

This study was supported by Bursa Technical University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office with research project number 231N004.

Teşekkür

The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to their colleagues from the Bursa Technical University, Department of Bioengineering Research Laboratory, for their valuable contributions.

Kaynakça

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