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EN
Cytotoxic Effects of Bee Bread on Human HMC3 Microglia Cell Line
Öz
This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of bee bread (BB) extract obtained from Bursa region on the human HMC3 microglia cell line. Microglia play a critical role in maintaining central nervous system homeostasis and regulating immune responses. BB is a natural bee product rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamins, and minerals, which may exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects at low concentrations, thereby supporting cellular protection.
In this experimental design, cultured HMC3 cells were incubated for 24 hours with BB extract at concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm. Cell metabolic activity was assessed using the MTT assay, while lysosomal membrane integrity was evaluated using the neutral red (NR) assay. Data were normalized to the solvent control (SC) group, and statistical analyses were performed.
MTT results indicated a mild increase in metabolic activity at 50–200 ppm (114–118% of control), values close to control at 500 and 1000 ppm, and a significant decrease at 2000 ppm (74.2%; p<0.01). NR results showed substantial preservation of cell viability at 50–500 ppm (90–97%), with notable reductions at 1000 and 2000 ppm (87%; p<0.01). Both assays demonstrated signs of toxicity at higher concentrations.
Overall, BB preserved or enhanced microglial cell viability at low-to-moderate concentrations, while high concentrations induced significant cytotoxicity. These findings support the neuroprotective potential of BB but emphasize the need for precise concentration optimization and further mechanistic and toxicological studies to ensure safe and effective therapeutic applications in neurological disorders.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
This study was supported by Bursa Technical University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office with research project number 231N004.
Etik Beyan
This article was derived from the study entitled “Investigation of the Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Bee Bread on BV-2 and N9 Microglia Cell Lines”, which was supported by the Bursa Technical University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office under project number 231N004.
Teşekkür
The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to their colleagues from the Bursa Technical University, Department of Bioengineering Research Laboratory, for their valuable contributions.
Kaynakça
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Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Hücre Gelişimi, Proliferasyon ve Ölümü
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yayımlanma Tarihi
19 Aralık 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi
22 Ağustos 2025
Kabul Tarihi
4 Kasım 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2025 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2
APA
Yilmaz, F., & Taner, G. (2025). Cytotoxic Effects of Bee Bread on Human HMC3 Microglia Cell Line. BinBee – Arı ve Doğal Ürünler Dergisi, 5(2), 19-25. https://izlik.org/JA78HA32HR
AMA
1.Yilmaz F, Taner G. Cytotoxic Effects of Bee Bread on Human HMC3 Microglia Cell Line. Binbee. 2025;5(2):19-25. https://izlik.org/JA78HA32HR
Chicago
Yilmaz, Faysal, ve Gökçe Taner. 2025. “Cytotoxic Effects of Bee Bread on Human HMC3 Microglia Cell Line”. BinBee – Arı ve Doğal Ürünler Dergisi 5 (2): 19-25. https://izlik.org/JA78HA32HR.
EndNote
Yilmaz F, Taner G (01 Aralık 2025) Cytotoxic Effects of Bee Bread on Human HMC3 Microglia Cell Line. BinBee – Arı ve Doğal Ürünler Dergisi 5 2 19–25.
IEEE
[1]F. Yilmaz ve G. Taner, “Cytotoxic Effects of Bee Bread on Human HMC3 Microglia Cell Line”, Binbee, c. 5, sy 2, ss. 19–25, Ara. 2025, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA78HA32HR
ISNAD
Yilmaz, Faysal - Taner, Gökçe. “Cytotoxic Effects of Bee Bread on Human HMC3 Microglia Cell Line”. BinBee – Arı ve Doğal Ürünler Dergisi 5/2 (01 Aralık 2025): 19-25. https://izlik.org/JA78HA32HR.
JAMA
1.Yilmaz F, Taner G. Cytotoxic Effects of Bee Bread on Human HMC3 Microglia Cell Line. Binbee. 2025;5:19–25.
MLA
Yilmaz, Faysal, ve Gökçe Taner. “Cytotoxic Effects of Bee Bread on Human HMC3 Microglia Cell Line”. BinBee – Arı ve Doğal Ürünler Dergisi, c. 5, sy 2, Aralık 2025, ss. 19-25, https://izlik.org/JA78HA32HR.
Vancouver
1.Faysal Yilmaz, Gökçe Taner. Cytotoxic Effects of Bee Bread on Human HMC3 Microglia Cell Line. Binbee [Internet]. 01 Aralık 2025;5(2):19-25. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA78HA32HR