Türkiye’de tespit edilen fosil gymnosperm ağaçlarının mekânsal ve zamansal dağılımı

Öz

Son yıllarda giderek artan fosil çalışmalar, geçmişten günümüze odunsu bitki çeşitliliğinin değişimini ortaya koymakta ve günümüzle karşılaştırma olanağı sunmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de fosil odunlarla ilgili makalelerde tespit edilen gymnosperm cins ve türlerinin zamansal ve alansal dağılımını irdelemektir. Ülkemizde varlığı tespit edilen en yaşlı gymnospermler Orta Jura döneminden olup üç cinsten ikisi günümüzde temsilcileri bulunmayan Xenoxylon ve Protelicoxylon, biri de günümüzde Güney Yarımkürede temsilcileri olan Agathoxylon fosil cinsleridir. Bu üç fosil cins, Orta Jura döneminde Erzurum-Gümüşhane hattında karasal kıyı şeridinin varlığına da göstermektedir. En yaygın gymnospermler ise Oligo-Miyosen dönemine ait olup bunlar Pinuxylon, Cedrus, Taxodioxylon, Glyptostroboxylon, Cupressinoxylon, Ginkgoxylon, Juniperoxylon ve Podocarpoxylon fosil cinsleridir. Bu cinslerden bazılarının (Pinus, Cedrus, Cupressus, Juniperus) günümüzde temsilcileri bulunurken, diğerlerinin (Glyptosrobus, Taxodium/Sequoia, Ginkgo ve Podocarpus) temsilcileri Türkiye topraklarından uzaklaşmışlardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fosil odun
• gymnosperm
• petrifiye odun
• silisleşmiş ağaç

Spatial and temporal distribution of fossil gymnosperm trees identified in Türkiye

Öz

Increasing fossil studies in recent years reveal the change in woody plant diversity from past to present and offer the opportunity to compare with today. The aim of the study is to examine the temporal and spatial distribution of gymnosperm genera and species identified in fossil wood studies in Türkiye. The oldest of the gymnosperm fossil woods identified in our country are from the Middle Jurassic period, and two of the three genera are Xenoxylon and Protelicoxylon, which have no representatives today, and Agathoxylon fossil genus, one of which has representatives in the Southern Hemisphere today. These three fossil genera also indicate the existence of a terrestrial coastline on the Erzurum-Gümüşhane line during the middle Jurassic period. The most common gymnosperms belong to the Oligo-Miocene period, and these are the fossil genera Pinuxylon, Cedrus, Taxodioxylon, Glyptostroboxylon, Cupressinoxylon, Ginkgoxylon, Juniperoxylon, and Podocarpoxylon. While some of these genera (Pinus, Cedrus, Cupressus, Juniperus) have representatives today, the representatives of others (Glyptosrobus, Taxodium/Sequoia, Ginkgo, and Podocarpus) have moved away from Türkiye.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fossil wood
• gymnosperm
• petrified wood
• silicified tree

Kaynakça

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